Open-Loop Class-BD Audio Amplifiers with Balanced Common-Mode Output

Abstract

This paper presents new architectures and implementations of original open-loop Class-BD audio amplifiers with balanced Common-Mode output. The output stage of each proposed amplifier includes the typical H-bridge with four MOSFETs and four additional MOSFET switches that balance and keep the Common-Mode output constant. The presented amplifiers employ the extended NBDD PWM or PSC PWM modulation scheme. When the output stage is built only on NMOSFET transistors, gate drivers require a floating power supply, using a self-boost charge pump with capacitive isolation of the control signal. The use of complementary MOSFETs in the output stage greatly simplifies gate control systems. The proposed amplifiers were compared to the typical Class-BD configuration, using the optimal NBDD modulation with respect to audio performance of the Differential-Mode (DM) and Common-Mode (CM) outputs. Basic SPICE simulations and experimental studies have shown that the proposed Class-BD amplifiers have similar audio performance to the prototype with the optimal NBDD modulation scheme, while at the same time having a balanced constant voltage CM output, thus eliminating the main contributor to radiation emission. As a result, the filtering of the DM output signals can be greatly simplified, while the filtering of the CM output signals can be theoretically eliminated. Practically, due to the timing errors added by the gate drivers, spikes are generated at the CM output, which are very easy to filter out by the reduced LC output filter, even at very low L.

Filterless, Digital Class-BD Audio Amplifiers with Constant Common Mode Output Voltage

“…Comparing the obtained results with the results of other studies, it can be concluded that the measured and simulated performance of the proposed amplifier is slightly better than that of similar Class-BD amplifiers with balanced CM output, described, e.g., in [10][11][12].…”

“…The output stage of the open-loop Class-BD audio amplifiers presented in [11,12] with balanced CM included a typical H-bridge with four MOSFETs and four additional MOSFET switches that balanced and maintained the CM output. These amplifiers employed the extended NBDD PWM or PSC PWM modulation scheme.…”

“…Various techniques to reduce the EMI of Class-D amplifiers have been reported [8][9][10][11][12][13]. An innovative multilevel PWM was presented in [14], which was implemented by converting the two-level PWM signal directly into a multilevel signal using the original time-division adder.…”

Review and comparison of methods for limiting leakage currents in single-phase transformerless PV inverter topologies

“…NBDD PWM modulation, which is equivalent to three-level version of PSCPWM) is the best in terms of the DM output and has by far the most attractive spectral characteristic, which contains much less unwanted spectral components than all other PWM methods [21,22].…”

“…The DM and CM outputs of the NBDD modulation can be expressed after some conversion by the Double Fourier Series (DFS) expressions (eq. 7, 8) [21,22].…”