Open innovation of knowledge cities

Abstract

Purpose: This research seeks to answer the basic question, "As a city evolves from an industrial city to a knowledge one, are its open innovation activities vitalized?" Design/methodology/approach: In this research, we compare the total number of patent applications, the number of joint applicants of each patent, and the ratio of patents jointly applied, in four Korean cities-Daegu, Kwangju, Cheonann total, top 10 % patent applicants group among total patent applicants, and the lower 70 % patent applicant group among total patent applicants. The research included 144,625 patents submitted to the Korea Patent Office from 1981 to 2010. Findings: As knowledge-based urbanization proceeds, the size of a knowledge city increases. The lowest 70 % of patent applicants (rather than the top 10 %) apply for more patents, and the breadth and depth of open innovation rises. Research limitations/implications (if applicable):This research is limited to mutual patent applications as a target of open innovation. In the future, additional research will need to be conducted on various open innovation channels such as patent citation, intellectual property right transfer, licensing, and M&A. Practical implications (if applicable):To maximize the beneficial characteristics of a knowledge city in a large city, the improvement of open innovation across the city is essential. Social implications (if applicable):If strengthening open innovation by SMEs or start-ups is set as a corporate strategy or a government policy, it will be a source of development of knowledge-based urbanization and continued economic development of a knowledge city, as well as of the total knowledge assets.

Complex regional innovation networks and HEI engagement - the case of Chicago

“…Current research suggests that as knowledge-based urbanisation proceeds, the size of a knowledge city increases (Yun et al, 2015). Carrillo (2015) has concluded that the 'knowledge' dimension of knowledge cities is also much about the capacity to balance all societal values into an equitable and sustainable dynamic equilibrium..…”

Dismantling of the Inverted U-Curve of Open Innovation

“…In the case open innovation belongs to different categories such as inbound actions, outbound actions, coupled actions, and internal open innovation actions, open innovation effects on firm performance can be different such as plus (+), minus (−), or inverted U-curve [10]. …”

“…In the case open innovation belongs to different categories such as inbound actions, outbound actions, coupled actions, and internal open innovation actions, open innovation effects on firm performance can be different such as plus (+), minus (−), or inverted U-curve [10]. The extent of knowledge amount-including the stages of technological development, product development, manufacturing, and commercialization-the degree of technological knowledge, and the different open innovation strategy, are being expressed in various forms [16].…”

Brand relationships and risk: influence of risk avoidance and gender on brand consumption

“…Currently, creative collaborations emerge from public institutions to nonprofit organizations, to universities, to business companies through constructive relationships between providers and customers (Krishna, 2014;Kodama and Shibata, 2015). Networks change the picture of market and technology through knowledge diffusion and collective intelligence (Surowiecki, 2004;Yun et al, 2015). It is expected that emerging brand networks from current brand relationships can significantly influence current market power through new digital technologies in a global network market.…”