Open-field and pot studies on application of ancient liquid organic manures for the growth and development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Abstract

In the study, liquid manures (panchgavya and jeevamruth) having concentrations 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% were prepared by using the products obtained from indigenous cow and then applied in three different formats twice a month up to 3 months in both fields and pot plants. In the first format, panchgavya was applied directly to the root zone. In the second format, jeevamruth was also applied to the root zone. Likewise, in the third format, panchgavya was sprayed uniformly on the foliage, but jeevamruth was given to the root zone of the same plant with irrigating water. After that, growth and development parameters of plants were taken precisely at 30, 45, 75, 90 and 105 days after transplantation, and found that significant differences were noticed in terms of growth, flowering and fruiting between pots and field plants. It was noted that these parameters were superior in those plants that were grown in the field than that of pots plants at 5% and 6% in all three different combinations. Among three formats, the combined application of panchgavya and jeevamruth was found to have magnificent results, followed by solely applications of panchgavya and jeevamruth. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the beneficial effect of panchgavya and jeevamruth in organic agriculture by using different formats in both pots and the field environment.