Open-face tunnelling effects on non-displacement piles in clay – part 2: tunnelling beneath loaded piles and analytical modelling

Assessment of the Posttunneling Safety Factor of Piles under Drained Soil Conditions

“…However, this approach neglects the effect of the initial pile safety factor, 0 = 0 / 0 , where 0 is the service load applied to the pile; hence the same value of , or would be predicted for piles with different values of 0 . Several studies have illustrated that 0 plays an important role in determining the displacement response of piles to tunneling (Lee and Chiang, 2007;Zhang et al, 2011;Dias and Bezuijen, 2015;Williamson et al, 2017;Franza andMarshall, 2017, 2019).…”

“…Analysis of the interaction between tunnels and deep foundations is particularly complex since, in order to conduct a rigorous analysis, the effect of numerous contributing factors should be included, such as determination of the induced tunneling displacements, the soil-pile interface interactions, the initial and altered load distributions along piles, and the changes in load carrying capacity of piles. The problem has been studied using a variety of methods, including field trials (Kaalberg et al, 2005;Selemetas et al, 2006), experimentally (Loganathan et al, 2000;Jacobsz et al, 2004;Marshall and Mair, 2011;Bel et al, 2015;Williamson et al, 2017;, analytically (Chen et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2011;Marshall and Haji, 2015;Mo et al, 2017a;Dias and Bezuijen, 2018) and numerically (Basile, 2014;Soomro et al, 2015). The research has provided a good understanding of the general interaction mechanisms that occur between tunnel displacements and either a single pile or a group of piles.…”

“…Recent work has also illustrated the importance of the pile loading condition (i.e. initial safety factor) when evaluating the displacement response of piles to tunnelling (Zhang et al, 2011;Dias and Bezuijen, 2015;Williamson et al, 2017;Dias and Bezuijen, 2018;Franza and Marshall, 2018).…”