Open burning of agricultural biomass: Physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions

Hays, Michael D.; Fine, Philip M.; Geron, Chris; Kleeman, Michael J.; Gullett, Brian K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.072

Cited by 431 publications

(274 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These results are in reasonable agreement with the values published in Cao et al (2008), Ortiz de Zárate et al (2000) and Andreae and Merlet (2001). Hays et al (2005) reported differences in combustion-derived PM emission when burning rice and wheat straw residues. When burning rice residues, PM emission was largely carbonaceous; whereas when burning wheat residues, PM emissions were enriched in potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl).…”

Section: Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Factorssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Other pollutants are also emitted during rice straw burning: carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), sulfur oxides (SO x ), nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and some organic and inorganic compounds such as heavy metals, ions, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs)), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are emitted in gas phase or as constituents of the PM (Andreae and Merlet, 2001, Cheng et al, 2009, Gadde et al, 2009, Hays et al, 2005, Lemieux et al, 2004. Although some of these air pollutants such as PAHs or PCDD/Fs are released at low concentrations, they have harmful toxicological properties (Lemieux et al, 2004, Shih et al, 2008 and are potential carcinogens (Conde et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burning rice straw poses benefits for the farmer since it controls weeds and reduces crop diseases, prepares the field for the next harvest and releases nutrients for the following crop (Cheng et al, 2009, Gadde et al, 2009, Kadam et al, 2000, Lemieux et al, 2004. Rice straw burning, however, can contribute to impairing local air pollution, causing severe impacts on human health (Gullett and Touati, 2003, Hays et al, 2005, Lin et al, 2007, particularly bronchial asthma (Arai et al, 1998, Torigoe et al, 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burningSanchis, E 1 ., Ferrer, M 1 ., Calvet, S 1 ., Coscollà, C 2 ., Yusà, V 2 ., Cambra-López, M 1 . AbstractBurning of rice straw can emit considerable amounts of atmospheric pollutants. We evaluated the effect of rice straw moisture content (5%, 10% and 20%) on the emission of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and on the organic and inorganic constituents of released particulate matter (PM): dioxins, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Four burning tests were conducted per moisture treatment using the open chamber method. Gaseous emission profiles of carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen monoxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) were also measured. Additionally, combustion characteristics, including burning stages, durations, combustion efficiency, temperature, and relative humidity, were recorded. Burning tests showed flaming and smoldering stages were significantly longer in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.05) compared with the rest. The amount of burned straw and ashes decreased with increasing straw moisture content (P<0.001). Carbon dioxide was the main product obtained during combustion with emission values ranging from 692 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (10% moisture content) to 835 g CO 2 kg dry straw -1 (20% moisture content). Emission factors for PM were the highest in 20% moisture treatment (P<0.005). Fine PM (PM2.5) accounted to more than 60% of total PM mass. Emission factors for dioxins increased with straw moisture content, being the highest in 20% moisture treatment, although showing a wide variability among burning tests (P>0.05). Emissions factors for heavy metals were low and similar among moisture treatments (P>0.05). Emission factors for individual PAHs were generally higher in 20% moisture treatment. Average SO 2 and NO emissions decreased with moisture content. In contrast, CO emissions increased with moisture content.Overall, emission factors of atmospheric pollutants measured in our study were higher in the 20% moisture content. This difference could be attributed to the incomplete combustion at higher levels *Manuscript Click here to download Manuscript: Quema_sin tablas ni figuras_cor.docx Click here to view linked References 2 of rice straw moisture content. According to our results, rice straw burning should be done after straw drying and under minimal moisture conditions to lower pollutant emission levels.

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Section: Gaseous and Particulate Emissions Factorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Sanchís

Ferrer

Calvet

et al. 2014

Atmospheric Environment

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“…In general, the diagnostic ratios can be differentiated from those of other combustion sources. The Flu/(Flu þ Pyr) ratios of 0.40 AE 0.09 and 0.42 AE 0.04 for woodstove and fireplace, respectively, are below the values reported for broad-leaf tress, shrubs, grasses and cereal straw (Hays et al, 2005;Oros et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2009). The values of this diagnostic ratio can be differentiated from those of other combustion sources, such as vehicular exhausts and coal combustion, which are slightly higher (Chen et al, 2004;Rogge et al, 1993).…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

Gonçalves

Alves

Fernandes

et al. 2011

Atmospheric Environment

109

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a b s t r a c tThe aim of this study is the further characterisation of PM 2.5 emissions from the residential wood combustion of common woods grown in Portugal. This new research extends to eight the number of biomass fuels studied and tries to understand the differences that the burning appliance (fireplace versus woodstove) and the combustion temperature (cold and hot start) have on emissions. Pinus pinaster (Maritime pine), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt), Quercus suber (cork oak), Acacia longifolia (Golden wattle), Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak), Olea europea (Olive), Quercus ilex rotundifolia (Holm oak) and briquettes produced from forest biomass waste were used in the combustion tests. Determinations included fine particle emission factors, carbonaceous content (OC and EC) by a thermaleoptical transmission technique and detailed identification and quantification of organic compounds by gas chromatographyemass spectrometry. Fine particle emission factors from the woodstove were lower than those from the fireplace. For both combustion appliances, the OC/EC ratio was higher in "cold start" tests (1.56 AE 0.95 for woodstove and 2.03 AE 1.34 for fireplace). These "cold start" OC/EC values were, respectively, for the woodstove and the fireplace, 51% and 69% higher than those obtained in "hot start" experiments. The chromatographically resolved organics included n-alkanes, n-alkenes, PAHs, n-alkanals, ketones, n-alkanols, terpenoids, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, alcohols, n-alkanoic acids, n-di-acids, unsaturated acids and alkyl esters of acids. The smoke emission rate and composition varied widely depending on fuel type, burning appliance and combustion temperature.

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“…Background concentrations of PAH reported at remote sites are 1-2 of magnitude lower (Halsall et al 1997). Some other studies have been devoted to the identification of PAH in particular combustion sources or in the proximity of specific emissions sources: wildfires (Masclet et al 1995, Okuda et al 2002), charcoal grilling (Dyremark et al 1995, biomass burning (Fine et al 2001, b, 2004a, Freeman and Cattell 1990, Hays et al 2005, Keshtkar and Ashbaugh 2007, Lee et al 2005, Oros and Simoneit 2001a, b, Rogge et al 1998, Santos et al 2002, Sheesley et al 2003, ferries (Cooper et al 1996), diesel exhausts (Cho et al 2004, Jiao and Lafleur 1997, McDonald et al 2004, Reilly et al 1998. Schauer et al 1999b, burning of sugar plantations (Godoi et al 2004, Santos et al 2002, near power plants ( Kalaitzoglou et al 2004), vegetable oil processing plant (Kavouras et al 2001b), cooking with seed oils (Schauer et al 2002b), incinerators (Besombes et al 2001, Lee et al 2002, Mao et al 2007), burning of foliar fuels (Hays et al 2002), roadside and vehicle exhausts for different fuels, lubricants and engine operating conditions (Brandenberger et al 2005, Lim et al 2005, Pedersen et al 1980, Schauer et al 2002c, Westerholm et al 1988, Yang et al 2005b.…”

Section: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of solvent extractable organic constituents in atmospheric particulate matter: an overview

Alves

2008

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

109

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In spite of accounting for 10-70% of the atmospheric aerosol mass, particulate-phase organic compounds are not well characterised, and many aspects of aerosol formation and evolution are still unknown. The growing awareness of the impact of particulate aerosols on climate, and the incompletely recognised but serious effects of anthropogenic constituents on air quality and human health, have conducted to several scientific studies. These investigations have provided information about the behaviour of atmospheric particulate matter and the description of the character of its carbonaceous content. The compilation of such results is important as they append to the emergent global-wide dataset of the organic composition of atmospheric aerosols. The contribution of the major emission sources to regional particulate pollution can be diagnosed by using specific molecular markers. This overview is mainly focused on results obtained with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, since it is the analytical method of choice in elucidating the solvent-extractable organic compounds in atmospheric particulate matter. A synopsis of the selection of organic tracers and the application of geochemical parameters to the analysis of organic constituents as a tool for source apportionment is shown here. Besides the assessment of current knowledge, this paper also presents the identification of further areas of concern.

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Open burning of agricultural biomass: Physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions

Cited by 431 publications

References 30 publications

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Gaseous and particulate emission profiles during controlled rice straw burning

Organic compounds in PM2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

Characterisation of solvent extractable organic constituents in atmospheric particulate matter: an overview

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