What is it? Self-Directed Learning (SDL) has been the focus of attention
on the part of scholars for at least four decades. However, it is with the
advent of technology and the possibilities offered by the Internet that
researchers and practitioners have begun to look more closely at what
students do autonomously to support their own learning outside of the
classroom. Indeed, as Sauro and Zourou (2019) have recently pointed out,
“developments in technology – such as mobile devices that afford connection
and social interaction anytime and anywhere, social networking offline and
online, horizontal patterns of connectivity that allow users to create
natural bonds based on shared interests – all offer possibilities for
user-driven, self- and group- initiated practices that redraw models of
production, distribution, and reuse of knowledge” (p. 1). However, much of
the literature on autonomy in language learning focuses on developing
autonomy within the language classroom (Dam et al., 1990; Little, Dam, &
Legenhausen, 2017; Miller, 2009); and learner practices that take place
outside the classroom itself are often seen – at least by language education
researchers and practitioners alike – as supplementary to classroom-based
teaching.