Open Angle Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension, Low-Tension Glaucoma, and Refraction

Perkins, E. S.; Phelps, Charles D.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1982.01030040442015

Cited by 204 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…An association between myopia and POAG has been suggested for decades, and evidence has been accumulating from recent studies that confirmed a relationship between these two entities [8, 9]. Concerning the difference between COAG and JOAG, Perkins [10] reported that the incidence of myopia in young POAG patients (37.8%) was higher than that of their older counterparts (21%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

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Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Liu

Chou

et al. 2002

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose: To identify the differences in risk factors and visual field (VF) changes between juvenile primary open-angle glaucoma (JOAG) and late-onset chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG). Methods: The demographic and presenting clinical data of 27 JOAG and 30 COAG patients were retrospectively reviewed. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Fisher’s exact test. Results: A family history of glaucoma (37%) and a history of steroid usage (14.8%) were identified in JOAG patients only. The JOAG patients had a longer axial length (p < 0.001) and more often a myopic refractive state (p < 0.001) than the COAG patients. Patients with COAG showed a deeper (p = 0.016) and a more extensive (p = 0.008) defect in the superior than in the inferior hemifield, as well as a deeper (p = 0.016) and a more extensive (p = 0.001) defect in the superior than in the inferior arcuate area, while JOAG patients showed symmetric VF defects between the superior and inferior hemifields. Purely diffuse VF depression is more common in JOAG than in COAG patients (p = 0.03). Conclusions: JOAG patients demonstrated more axial myopic changes than patients with COAG as well as a pattern of superior-inferior symmetric VF defects. Axial myopia may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of JOAG.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 40%

“…Lotufo et al [11] also demonstrated that 73% of their 43 JOAG patients were myopes, with 39% having high-grade myopia (over 6 D). In contrast, the prevalence of myopia in the age-matched general population was 17.4% [9]. However, the distribution of the ocular axial length was not discussed in the previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Liu

Chou

et al. 2002

Ophthalmologica

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“…Supporting this hypothesis is the association between elevated intraocular pressure and myopia development in infants and children (Abdalla et al, 1970;Perkins andPhelps, 1982 andDavid et al, 1985;Jensen, 1992;Quinn et al, 1995) as well as the finding that scleral changes associated with myopia development are limited to the posterior poles of human and animal eyes, a region where scleral stresses are greatest (Greene, 1991;Rada et al, 1994). Previous studies suggest roles for proteoglycans, MMP-2, MMP-14 and TIMP-2 in scleral extracellular matrix remodeling events associated with eye growth under normal conditions, as well as under conditions leading to the development of myopia (reviewed in Rada et al, 2006;Brown et al, 1994;McBrien et al, 2000;Schippert, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of cyclic mechanical stretch on extracellular matrix synthesis by human scleral fibroblasts

Shelton

Rada

2007

Experimental Eye Research

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In order to understand the effect of mechanical strain on scleral extracellular matrix remodeling, human scleral fibroblasts were subjected to equibiaxial stretch in vitro and the expression of proteoglycans, metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) were evaluated.Isolated human scleral fibroblasts were seeded onto flexible bottom culture plates, and subjected to a cyclic stretch regimen of 15% equibiaxial stretch for 45 seconds followed by 15 seconds of rest for 6 -48 hours in the presence of 35 SO 4 . Newly synthesized proteoglycans were measured in the medium by CPC precipitation of radiolabelled glycosaminoglycans. MMP-2 activity and expression levels were measured in the medium by, Western blot, gel zymography and real-time PCR. Steady state levels of TIMP-2 mRNA and membrane-type MMP, MT1-MMP (MMP-14) mRNA were measured in the cell layer using real-time PCR.The predominant gelatinolytic enzyme secreted by scleral fibroblasts was the pro-enzyme form of MMP-2 (ProMMP-2). Mechanical stretch resulted in a significant increase of ProMMP-2 after 12 and 48 hours (+76.28%, p < 0.05; +19.56%, p < 0.01, respectively). Mechanical stretch significantly increased the production of the active form of MMP-2 (ActiveMMP-2) after 48 hours (+59.72%, p < 0.05) and decreased levels of TIMP-2 mRNA (−22%, p < 0.05). The rate of scleral proteoglycan synthesis and the steady state levels of MMP-2 and MMP-14 mRNA were not significantly affected by mechanical stretch.These results suggest that mechanical strain stimulates the activation of MMP-2 by scleral fibroblasts, possibly through increased levels of ProMMP-2 and reduced levels of TIMP-2. Increased levels of ActiveMMP-2 in the sclera would be expected to contribute to scleral extracellular matrix degradation, scleral thinning and possible ocular ectasia.

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“…Slower, but more extended trends towards myopia have been suspected in these countries (Perkins & Phelps 1982;Fledelius 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive changes in the elderly

Bengtsson

Grødum

1999

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: Cross-sectional studies have consistently shown younger people to be less hyperopic than older people, but it is not known if this reflects a myopic shift from one generation to the next or a true age-related shift. Methods: We used data from three population surveys to study cohort phenomena and true age-related changes in refraction of elderly people in southern Sweden. Differences concerning the use of cycloplegics made us restrict comparisons between refractions in separate studies to persons aged 65 to74 years, in whom our measurements were considered unlikely to have been affected by accommodation. Results: An apparent increase in mean spherical equivalent as rapid as 0.6 D in 10 years was observed in our latest (and largest) cross-sectional survey. The myopic shift, from one generation to the next, was limited to 0.25 D in 25 years. This discrepancy was explained by a true age-related hyperopic shift between 55 and 70, which was confirmed in a longitudinal study of over 1000 persons followed for more than 8 years. Conclusion: A true age-related hyperopic shift between 55 and 70 does indeed exist, and should not be disregarded by anyone who is prescribing spectacles or performing surgery for refractive errors. In the long run, however, a persisting secular trend towards myopia could prove even more important.

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Open Angle Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension, Low-Tension Glaucoma, and Refraction

Cited by 204 publications

References 5 publications

Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Comparisons of Risk Factors and Visual Field Changes between Juvenile-Onset and Late-Onset Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

Effects of cyclic mechanical stretch on extracellular matrix synthesis by human scleral fibroblasts

Refractive changes in the elderly

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