“…Here we further elaborate the concept of virtual rings and Lagrangian traffic control by CAVs. As opposed to previous works [37,54], we put more emphasis on the stability analysis of traffic flow, focus on low-automation and low-connectivity scenarios, and incorporate time delays associated with the response of vehicles, their controllers and the human drivers. We first introduce strategies for vehicle and traffic control, then highlight the benefits of connectivity-enabled feedback loops via simulations, and finally give a comprehensive stability analysis.…”