Open access to regional geoid models: the International Service for the Geoid

Reguzzoni, Mirko; Carrión, Daniela; Gaetani, Carlo Iapige De; Albertella, A.; Rossi, Lorenzo; Sona, Giovanna; Batsukh, Khulan; Herrera, J. F. Toro; Elger, Kirsten; Barzaghi, Riccardo; Sansò, F.

doi:10.5194/essd-13-1653-2021

Cited by 34 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The geoid models can be archived at ISG with different policies: they can be publicly available, in this case they can be directly downloaded from the website (https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/), or they can be available upon a request which is addressed to the geoid author, or they can be private, so not accessible to users. Since 2020, the geoid models are being progressively provided with a DOI for permanent and unique indexing and reference and to allow also the direct citation of the products (Reguzzoni et al, 2021). Geoid models indexed with DOIs are hosted at GFZ (German Research Centre for Geosciences https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/home/), with which a cooperation agreement has been established.…”

Section: Isg Geoid Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The models are stored in the ISG format (with extension .isg, Reguzzoni et al, 2021), as well as in the original format provided by the authors. The ISG format, coded with ASCII characters, includes a header to archive metadata.…”

Section: Figure 1 Overview Of the Products Metadata For Alaskamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Open accessibility to geoid models can encourage their use in multiple research fields such as geodynamics, geophysics, oceanography, and other climate-related studies. The International Service for the Geoid (ISG, https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/), which is part of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), has collected a large archive of local and regional geoid models worldwide from the Geodesy researchers' community (Reguzzoni et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Open Database of Regional Models of the International Service for the Geoid

Toro

Carrión

Rossi

et al. 2022

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. This paper describes the development of a web application to facilitate the management and processing of geoid models in the ISG collection as well as of additional information available in the ISG website (mainly projects, services and publications). The ISG service pays significant attention to metadata and data interoperability from published geoid models. As a result, the possibility of creating a database with all necessary information for describing geoid models has been considered. PostgreSQL was chosen as the database for the implementation to take advantage of PostGIS geographic processing functions for developing a Database Management System for the resources available inside the ISG service catalogue (including geoid products, software, publications, etc.). The project's web development environment is Django, a web framework which is supported by the PostgreSQL database back-end and which makes it easier to integrate new applications or processing services into the website. A model solution for raster data integration using a PostGIS database back-end named Django-raster has also been investigated as part of the implementation, provided also that it is possible to take advantage of the vast Django community. The Django-raster model allows for the storage of datasets as tiles in the database, their exposure as a Tiled Map Services (TMS), and allows as well raster map algebra operations. TMS services will be utilized to share the geoid models and metadata included in the open access archive using a WebGIS, created with OpenLayers.

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Section: Isg Geoid Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 1 Overview Of the Products Metadata For Alaskamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Open Database of Regional Models of the International Service for the Geoid

Toro

Carrión

Rossi

et al. 2022

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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“…The standardized 1′ x 1′ geoid, quasigeoid grids, input and validation data sets are available at the International Service for the Geoid (Reguzzoni et al 2021) https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/Projects/colorado_experiment.html Appendix Fundamental parameters, zero-degree harmonic treatment and computation requirements Since a main objective of the Colorado experiment is to compare gravity functionals (i.e., geoid, quasigeoid, potential values) determined using different methodologies, it was necessary to outline a set of basic (minimum) requirements to standardize as much as possible the data processing to avoid gross discrepancies as those caused for instance using different reference ellipsoids or permanent-tide systems. In this way, in addition to the use of the same input data (described in Section 3), we agreed to follow the conventions summarized in Table A1.…”

Section: Data Availability Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colorado geoid computation experiment: overview and summary

Wang

Sánchez

Ågren

et al. 2021

J Geod

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The primary objective of the 1-cm geoid experiment in Colorado (USA) is to compare the numerous geoid computation methods used by different groups around the world. This is intended to lay the foundations for tuning computation methods to achieve the sought after 1-cm accuracy, and also evaluate how this accuracy may be robustly assessed. In this experiment, (quasi)geoid models were computed using the same input data provided by the US National Geodetic Survey (NGS), but using different methodologies. The rugged mountainous study area (730 km × 550 km) in Colorado was chosen so as to accentuate any differences between the methodologies, and to take advantage of newly collected GPS/leveling data of the Geoid Slope Validation Survey 2017 (GSVS17) which is now available to be used as an accurate and independent test dataset. Fourteen groups from thirteen countries submitted a gravimetric geoid and a quasigeoid model in a 1′×1′ grid for the study area, as well as geoid heights, height anomalies, and geopotential values at the 223 GSVS17 marks. This paper concentrates on the quasigeoid model comparison and evaluation, while the geopotential value investigations are presented as a separate paper (Sánchez et al. 2021). Three comparisons are performed: the area comparison to show the model precision, the comparison with the GSVS17 data to estimate the relative accuracy of the models, and the differential quasigeoid (slope) comparison with GSVS17 to assess the relative accuracy of the height anomalies at different baseline lengths. The results show that the precision of the 1′×1′ models over the complete area is about 2 cm, while the accuracy estimates along the GSVS17 profile range from 1.2 cm to 3.4 cm. Considering that the GSVS17 does not pass the roughest terrain, we estimate that the quasigeoid can be computed with an accuracy of ~2 cm in Colorado. The slope comparisons show that RMS values of the differences vary from 2 to 8 cm in all baseline lengths. Although the 2-cm precision and 2-cm relative accuracy have been estimated in such a rugged region, the experiment has not reached the 1-cm accuracy goal. At this point, the different accuracy estimates are not a proof of the superiority of one methodology over another because the model precision and accuracy of the GSVS17-derived height anomalies are at a similar level. It appears that the differences are not primarily caused by differences in theory, but that they originate mostly from numerical computations and/or data processing techniques. Consequently, recommendations to improve the model precision towards the 1-cm accuracy are also given in this paper.

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“…However, to increase the FAIRness of GNSS data and services, the use of domain specific standards in addition to generic standards is essential. Moreover, ISO and OGC standards are developed with a strong producer-centric focus and do not adequately serve the needs of current and emerging GNSS users [15,16]. This paper aims to summarise what for current precise positioning users constitutes data and metadata that comply with the FAIR principles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FAIR data and metadata: GNSS precise positioning user perspective

Ivánová

Keenan²,

Marshall³

et al. 2023

Data Intelligence

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The FAIR principles of Wilkinson et al. [1] are finding their way from research into application domains, one of which is the precise positioning with global satellite navigation systems (GNSS). Current GNSS users demand that data and services are findable online, accessible via open protocols (by both, machines and humans), interoperable with their legacy systems and reusable in various settings. Comprehensive metadata are essential in seamless communication between GNSS data and service providers and their users, and, for decades, geodetic and geospatial standards are efficiently implemented to support this. However, GNSS user community is transforming from precise positioning by highly specialised use by geodetic professionals to every-day precise positioning by autonomous vehicles or wellness obsessed citizens. Moreover, rapid technological developments allow alternative ways of offering data and services to their users. These transforming circumstances warrant a review whether metadata defined in generic geospatial and geodetic standards in use still support FAIR use of modern GNSS data and services across its novel user spectrum. This paper reports the results of current GNSS users' requirements in various application sectors on the way data, metadata and services are provided. We engaged with GNSS stakeholders to validate our findings and to gain understanding on their perception of the FAIR principles. Our results confirm that offering FAIR GNSS data and services is fundamental, but for a confident use of these, there is a need to review the way metadata are offered to the community. Defining standard compliant GNSS community metadata profile and providing relevant metadata with data on-demand, the approach outlined in this paper, is a way to manage current GNSS users' expectations and the way to improve FAIR GNSS data and service delivery for both humans and the machines.

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Open access to regional geoid models: the International Service for the Geoid

Cited by 34 publications

References 20 publications

The Open Database of Regional Models of the International Service for the Geoid

The Open Database of Regional Models of the International Service for the Geoid

Colorado geoid computation experiment: overview and summary

FAIR data and metadata: GNSS precise positioning user perspective

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