Opals: Status and Prospects

Marlow, Frank; Muldarisnur, Mulda; Sharifi, Parvin; Brinkmann, Rainer; Mendive, Cecilia B.

doi:10.1002/anie.200900210

Cited by 349 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…However, especially surfactant-free emulsion polymerization is priced for the high monodispersity [29,183] of the resulting latex particles. These find applications where high precision colloidal crystals are needed, most prominently in the fields of photonics, [184][185] phononics, [186][187] and lithography. [5,136,188] As the symmetry and order of the nanoparticles arrays to be produced from the metal-complex containing colloids crucially depends on the uniformity of the colloids, surfactant-free emulsion polymerization was applied to incorporate different metal complexes in order to produce colloids with a narrow size distribution.…”

Section: Incorporation Of Metal Complexes By Emulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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This thesis focuses on the controlled assembly of monodisperse polymer colloids into ordered two-dimensional arrangements. These assemblies, commonly referred to as colloidal monolayers, are subsequently used as masks for the generation of arrays of complex metal nanostructures on solid substrates.The motivation of the research presented here is twofold. First, monolayer crystallization methods were developed to simplify the assembly of colloids and to produce more complex arrangements of colloids in a precise way. Second, various approaches to colloidal lithography are designed with the aim to include novel features or functions to arrays of metal nanostructures.The air/water interface was exploited for the crystallization of colloidal monolayer architectures as it combines a two-dimensional confinement with a high lateral mobility of the colloids that is beneficial for the creation of high long range order. A direct assembly of colloids is presented that provides a cheap, fast and conceptually simple methodology for the preparation of ordered colloidal monolayers. The produced two-dimensional crystals can be transformed into nonclose-packed architectures by a plasma-induced size reduction step, thus providing valuable masks for more sophisticated lithographic processes. Finally, the controlled co-assembly of binary colloidal crystals with defined stoichiometries on a Langmuir trough is introduced and characterized with respect to accessible configurations and size ratios.Several approaches to lithography are presented that aim at introducing different features to colloidal lithography. First, using metal-complex containing latex particles, the synthesis of which is described as well, symmetric arrays of metal nanoparticles can be created by controlled combustion of the organic material of the colloids. The process does not feature an inherent limit in nanoparticle size and is able to produce complex materials as will be demonstrated for FePt alloy particles. Precise control over both size and spacing of the particle array is presented.Second, two lithographic processes are introduced to create sophisticated nanoparticle dimer units consisting of two crescent shaped nanostructures in close proximity; essentially by using a single colloid as mask to generate two structures simultaneously. Strong coupling processes of the parental plasmon resonances of the two objects are observed that are accompanied by high near-field enhancements. A plasmon hybridization model is elaborated to explain all polarization dependent shifts of the resonance positions. Last, a technique to produce laterally patterned, ultra-flat substrates without surface topographies by embedding gold nanoparticles in a silicon dioxide matrix is applied to construct robust and re-usable sensing architectures and to introduce an approach for the nanoscale patterning of solid supported lipid bilayer membranes.

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Section: Incorporation Of Metal Complexes By Emulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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“…C olloidal crystals exhibit unique optical properties; the size of each colloidal particle is comparable to the wavelength of light, and their periodic arrangement in a colloidal crystal leads to selective diffraction of light, thereby producing structural colours [1][2][3][4] . As the optical properties are determined by the interparticle separation 5 , the photonic properties can be dynamically modulated.…”

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confidence: 99%

Osmotic-pressure-controlled concentration of colloidal particles in thin-shelled capsules

et al. 2014

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Colloidal crystals are promising structures for photonic applications requiring dynamic control over optical properties. However, for ease of processing and reconfigurability, the crystals should be encapsulated to form 'ink' capsules rather than confined in a thin film. Here we demonstrate a class of encapsulated colloidal photonic structures whose optical properties can be controlled through osmotic pressure. The ordering and separation of the particles within the microfluidically created capsules can be tuned by changing the colloidal concentration through osmotic pressure-induced control of the size of the individual capsules, modulating photonic stop band. The rubber capsules exhibit a reversible change in the diffracted colour, depending on osmotic pressure, a property we call osmochromaticity. The high encapsulation efficiency and capsule uniformity of this microfluidic approach, combined with the highly reconfigurable shapes and the broad control over photonic properties, make this class of structures particularly suitable for photonic applications such as electronic inks and reflective displays.

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“…From the viewpoint of bottom-up nanotechnology, nanostructured colloidal crystals can be fabricated using a simple and low cost process. A large number of research papers on opal photonic crystals were published in the past decade, as reviewed in references [53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60].…”

Section: Crystalline Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable structural color in organisms and photonic materials for design of bioinspired materials

Fudouzi

2011

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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In this paper, the key topics of tunable structural color in biology and material science are overviewed. Color in biology is considered for selected groups of tropical fish, octopus, squid and beetle. It is caused by nanoplates in iridophores and varies with their spacing, tilting angle and refractive index. These examples may provide valuable hints for the bioinspired design of photonic materials. 1D multilayer films and 3D colloidal crystals with tunable structural color are overviewed from the viewpoint of advanced materials. The tunability of structural color by swelling and strain is demonstrated on an example of opal composites.

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Opals: Status and Prospects

Cited by 349 publications

References 155 publications

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Osmotic-pressure-controlled concentration of colloidal particles in thin-shelled capsules

Tunable structural color in organisms and photonic materials for design of bioinspired materials

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