Opal-A rich additives used in ancient lime mortars

Tunçoku, Selim Sarp; Caner-Saltık, Emine N.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.06.012

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…general, it has been observed that Fa has a positive contribution to the reduction of the water absorption rates.When the obtained results are compared with the original historical building mortars in the literature; It has been observed that Byzantine roman mortars which have a water absorption rate of 18-23% and Ottoman mortars with a water absorption rate of 10-24% are closer to the values of Fa + zeolite mixtures of this study with a water absorption rate of 16-29%(36).…”

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confidence: 59%

Production of environmentally-friendly, high-strength repair mortar for the restoration of historical buildings

Tombuca,

Çavuş

2023

Cement Wapno Beton

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In this study, repair mortars with artificial and natural pozzolan additives were produced for the restoration of historical buildings. Class C fly ash, an artificial pozzolan and zeolite the natural pozzolan, were substituted into these lime-based mortars. Two different aggregate types were used in the preparation of the mortars: natural river sand and crushed brick. A total of 18 batches of mortars were produced, two of which were reference batches. In the first group of batches, fly ash, which is the major pozzolan, was tested in both aggregate groups in 20%, 40%, and 60% ratios of lime substitution. In the second group of batches, fly ash and zeolite were used in different proportions as lime substitution. In the reference series, air lime was used alone. At the end of the 28, 56, and 90 days curing period, mechanical, physical properties, and phase composition of the mortars were determined. When the pozzolan-added mortars were compared with the reference mortars, it was observed that pozzolans provided significant improvements in the physical and mechanical properties of the repair mortars. While significant improvements were observed in the physical properties of the mortars where fly ash was used as the only pozzolan, mechanical properties were better in the mortars with zeolite.

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supporting

confidence: 59%

Production of environmentally-friendly, high-strength repair mortar for the restoration of historical buildings

Tombuca,

Çavuş

2023

Cement Wapno Beton

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“…Mortars with lime as binder have been used throughout the past millennia for the construction and surface finish of buildings [1][2][3]. It is only from the nineteenth century onwards that the use of lime mortars decreases with a rapid pace.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore-related properties of natural hydraulic lime mortars: an experimental study

et al. 2015

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Restoration of historic buildings is often executed using lime mortars. A restoration mortar is considered compatible with the original building materials when it answers to certain criteria, such as the facilitation of moisture transport. This can be determined by studying porosity, permeability, and the pore size distribution of both materials. Since NHL mortars are used in restoration of the exterior, where water and moisture are ever-present, a good characterization in terms of their pore-related properties is necessary. This study therefore researched characteristics of pure NHL mortars, without metakaolin or pozzolan additives. In this study, 16 different mortar recipes were made with NHL 5, the most hydraulic NHL type. The mortars had variations in spread, sand type and grain size. The sand types varied from coarse-grained to very fine, in order to be able to study the influence of the largest and smallest grains. The spread was adapted from 120 to 180 mm by changing the water:binder ratio. This allows understanding the influence of binding water on these pore-related properties. The measured pore-related properties were linked to compressive strength measurements, so as to characterize these eminently hydraulic limes also on a mechanical level. Nearly 180 samples were tested after 90 days of curing. All mortars show a bimodal pore size distribution. Depending on the sand type and the mortar spread, the mechanical strength varied from 1 to 10 MPa and pore sizes varied from the larger to smaller pore region. This demonstrates the large influence aggregates and water have on the properties of the hardened mortar. In general, the influence of the variation in water:binder ratio was less apparent, although an excess of binding water was translated into a change towards smaller pores, higher porosity and lower compressive strength. This study demonstrates that NHL 5 lime can be a good binder for restoration mortars, in which the properties of the mortar can be adapted through variation of aggregate grain size and spread. This allows researching a possible estimation of properties before making the mortars

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“…Lime mortar is a common inorganic material used in ancient building construction worldwide due to its excellent binding and solidification properties [4][5][6][7]. It can be modified for various purposes and performances by different additives such as fiber [8], blood [9], sticky rice [10,11], crushed brick [12], opal [13], etc. But none of these modifications helps to meet the requirements of ship use, i.e., waterproofing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the sealing materials of the merchant ship Nanhai I of the Southern Song Dynasty

et al. 2021

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Nanhai I is a highly valuable shipwreck of the Southern Song Dynasty for studying various topics, including the shipbuilding techniques. The sealing materials are of significant importance to ensure the ship’s reliability during the voyage across the ocean and they were rarely analyzed. Therefore, the sealing materials of this ship were analyzed by several analytical approaches. The sealing materials included two types, i.e., gap filler with jute fibers and surface coating without any oakum. The main components of both types of putty are calcite with minor Tung oil. The weight ratio of Ca(OH)2/Tung oil range from 4.3:1 to 7.9:1 for surface coating samples and the weight ratio of Ca(OH)2/organics is 3.1:1 for the gap filler sample. Additionally, we first find that the surface coating has a layered structure, where outer layers contain more Tung oil than inner layers. The innermost layer of the surface coating sample might be altered by organic acids from wood deterioration, causing its loose structure and grey color. The composite layers with different formula might be a result of balancing the costs and performances of the putty.

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Opal-A rich additives used in ancient lime mortars

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Production of environmentally-friendly, high-strength repair mortar for the restoration of historical buildings

Production of environmentally-friendly, high-strength repair mortar for the restoration of historical buildings

Pore-related properties of natural hydraulic lime mortars: an experimental study

Characterizing the sealing materials of the merchant ship Nanhai I of the Southern Song Dynasty

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