OPA oxidation rates in supercritical water

Destruction of chemical agent simulants in a supercritical water oxidation bench-scale reactor

“…The results of the experiments shown in Fig. 4 reveal that the TOC conversion at a given oxidant concentration increases with higher TOC concentration of the feed, in good agreement with our previous experiments [28].…”

“…The materials used and analytical methods were already published in the previous papers [16,28]. Therefore, only a short description is given below.…”

“…As a start, OPA, a mixture of isopropyl amine and isopropyl alcohol was oxidized first in order to verify the efficiency of the reactor. OPA was also chosen because it is well studied in our previous works [28,29] and classified as the binary precursor for nerve agent of sarin.…”

Supercritical Water Gasification of Municipal Sludge: A Novel Approach to Waste Treatment and Energy Recovery

“…The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) developed SCWO into a viable technology specifically in support of the 1993 International Chemical Weapon Convention Savage, 2009;. Currently, SCWO is used on a regular basis by the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force to destroy nerve gas, biological weapons, and other dangerous munitions (Crooker et al, 2000;Onwudili & Williams, 2006;Savage, 2009;Veriansyah et al, 2005). The U.S. Navy has developed compact SCWO units for ship-board, hazardous waste treatment in order to comply with national and international waste discharge standards (Crooker et al, 2000;Veriansyah et al, 2005).…”

“…Applications, aside from the military, have been limited so far to demonstration units. Detailed performance reports from those demonstration units are scarce, with correspondingly even fewer review articles (Brunner, 2009a;Crooker et al, 2000;Onwudili & Williams, 2006;Savage, 2009;Veriansyah et al, 2005;Xu et al, 2012). The engineering challenges discussed previously (viz., corrosion and salt precipitation) have been limiting factors to SCW commercialization (Brunner, 2009a (Bermejo & Cocero, 2006b;Bermejo et al, 2009;Marrone et al, 2004;Xu et al, 2012).…”