Op16. The Ketogenic Diet Induces Epigenetic Changes That Play Key Roles in Tumour Development

Preston, Jessica; Stylianou, Julianna; Zeng, Quingyu; Glover, Sophie; Scheck, Adrienne C.; Woolf, Eric C.; O’Neill, Kevin; Syed, Nelofer

doi:10.1093/neuonc/now292.015

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In glioblastoma mouse models, KD has been shown to be able to modulate the expression of various miRNAs, reducing tumor progression and increasing long-term survival [41,55,56] (Figure 4).…”

Section: Epigenetic Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas and Glioblastomas

et al. 2022

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In recent years, scientific interest in the use of the ketogenic diet (KD) as a complementary approach to the standard cancer therapy has grown, in particular against those of the central nervous system (CNS). In metabolic terms, there are the following differences between healthy and neoplastic cells: neoplastic cells divert their metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), they alter the normal mitochondrial functioning, and they use mainly certain amino acids for their own metabolic needs, to gain an advantage over healthy cells and to lead to a pro-oncogenetic effect. Several works in literature speculate which are the molecular targets of KD used against cancer. The following different mechanisms of action will be explored in this review: metabolic, inflammatory, oncogenic and oncosuppressive, ROS, and epigenetic modulation. Preclinical and clinical studies on the use of KD in CNS tumors have also increased in recent years. An interesting hypothesis emerged from the studies about the possible use of a ketogenic diet as a combination therapy along with chemotherapy (CT) and radiotherapy (RT) for the treatment of cancer. Currently, however, clinical data are still very limited but encouraging, so we need further studies to definitively validate or disprove the role of KD in fighting against cancer.

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Section: Epigenetic Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Gliomas and Glioblastomas

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, KD has been linked to increased global histone acetylation, with a specific increase in the expression of protective genes, such as Foxo3a, which plays an important role in cachexia. Finally, the epigenetic regulations by KDs have been postulated to affect patient treatment response [ 118 , 130 ].…”

Section: Cellular Mechanisms Of Kds In Pdac and Cachexiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketogenic Diets in Pancreatic Cancer and Associated Cachexia: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives

Cortez

Mackenzie

2021

Nutrients

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive and extremely therapy-resistant cancer. It is estimated that up to 80% of PDAC patients present with cachexia, a multifactorial disorder characterized by the involuntary and ongoing wasting of skeletal muscle that affects therapeutic response and survival. During the last decade, there has been an increased interest in exploring dietary interventions to complement the treatment of PDAC and associated cachexia. Ketogenic diets (KDs) have gained attention for their anti-tumor potential. Characterized by a very low carbohydrate, moderate protein, and high fat composition, this diet mimics the metabolic changes that occur in fasting. Numerous studies report that a KD reduces tumor growth and can act as an adjuvant therapy in various cancers, including pancreatic cancer. However, research on the effect and mechanisms of action of KDs on PDAC-associated cachexia is limited. In this narrative review, we summarize the evidence of the impact of KDs in PDAC treatment and cachexia mitigation. Furthermore, we discuss key cellular mechanisms that explain KDs’ potential anti-tumor and anti-cachexia effects, focusing primarily on reprogramming of cell metabolism, epigenome, and the gut microbiome. Finally, we provide a perspective on future research needed to advance KDs into clinical use.

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