Oospore Production in Phytophthora Cinnamomi in the Presence of Trichoderma Koningii

Pratt, BH; Sedgley, JH; Heather, W. A.; Shepherd, CJ

doi:10.1071/bi9720861

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In addition, strains of T. koningii afforded a serie of cyclopentenes named homothallin I (121) (Pratt et al 1972;Edenborough and Herbert 1988), homothallin II (122), and the amine-, formamide-, and N,N-dimethylamine-derivatives from 122 (123-125) (Edenborough and Herbert 1988;Mukhopadhyay et al 1996). Production of homothallin II (122) by a UV-induced mutant strain of T. harzianum has been also reported .…”

Section: Isocyano Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma

et al. 2007

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Trichoderma species are free-living fungi that are highly interactive in root, soil and foliar environments and have been used successfully in field trials to control many crop pathogens. Structural and biological studies of the metabolites isolated from Trichoderma species are reviewed. This review, encompassing all the literature in this field up to the present and in which 269 references are cited, also includes a detailed study of the biological activity of the metabolites, especially the role of these metabolites in biological control mechanisms. Some aspects of the biosynthesis of these metabolites and related compounds are likewise discussed.

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Section: Isocyano Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…and other effects on fungal morphology (Pratt et al 1972;Reeves and Jackson 1972;Brasier 1975); (III) inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase and its implication for melanin biosynthesis in mammals (Lee et al 1997a, b). …”

Section: Isocyano Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma

et al. 2007

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“…P. cinnamomi is ostensibly heterothallic although sexual reproduction through selfing does occur in the A2 mating type in the presence of external agents such as Trichoderma spp. (Brasier, , ,b; Pratt, Sedgley, Heather, & Shepherd, ) and in Acacia roots (Jayasekera, McComb, Shearer, Hardy, & St, ). Crone, McComb, O'Brien, and Hardy () showed that the A2 mating type formed abundant selfed oospores in naturally infected roots of several herbaceous plants showing no symptoms of disease and postulated that the formation of selfed oospores in plant roots was probably common and widespread on asymptomatic hosts.…”

Section: What Does Genetic Variation In A1 Phytophthora Cinnamomi Telmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytophthora cinnamomi A1: An ancient resident of New Guinea and Australia of Gondwanan origin?

Arentz¹

2017

Forest Pathology

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Summary This article re‐examines the hypothesis, first proposed by Shepherd (Search, 6(11‐12), 1975, 484), that Phytophthora cinnamomi is an ancient organism in Australia and New Guinea. It further evaluates data that suggest the A1 mating type is Gondwanan in origin and may have been present in New Guinea for up to 10 million years. It is postulated that there has been a mating type change in P. cinnamomi from A1 to A2 in relatively recent times as a result of genetic transformation of the A1 mating type.

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“…The volatile substance produced by Trichoderma koningii which induces oospore development in A2 strains (Brasier, 1971(Brasier, , 1975Pratt et al, 1972), and which thus mimics the effect of a2 hormone, is not a steroid (Sakata & Rickards, 1980), so it would not be surprising if the a1 and a2 hormones themselves were not steroidal.…”

Section: Transfer Of Materials Between Paired Cultures One Of Whichmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sterol Requirement of Mating Strains of Heterothallic Phytophthoras

Elliott

Glen

1982

Microbiology

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~~The induction by A2 strains of Phytophthora parasitica and Phytophthora palmivora of sexual reproduction in an A 1 strain of P. parasitica has been studied using synthetic medium with and without sterol, the strains being separated by a polycarbonate membrane. Production of the inducing a 2 hormone by the A2 strain does not appear to require sterol, but sterol greatly enhances the response to the inducing hormone by the A1 strain as well as being required for subsequent oospore development. I N T R O D U C T I O NSexual reproduction in heterothallic species of Phytophthora requires the interaction of strains of two mating types, designated A1 and A2. This interaction has been studied by KO (1978KO ( , 1980 by having the paired complementary strains separated by a polycarbonate membrane. The membrane is not penetrated by the hyphae, but KO has shown that some substance must be produced by the A2 strain which diffuses through the membrane and induces reprodygtion in the A1 strain, leading to development of antheridia and oogonia and production of selfed oospores. KO has called this inducing substance a2 hormone. The A1 strain also produces an a1 hormone which induces oospore formation in A2 strains.Sexual reproduction in Phytophthora requires the presence of sterols in the medium. The fungi are unable to synthesize sterols, and it has been argued that the required sterols are metabolized to steroid hormones which control sexual development (Elliott, 1982; Elliott 8z Sansome, 1977). The distinction between induction and subsequent sexual development is important. The later stages of development (meiosis and oospore formation) show specific steroid requirements (Elliott 8z Sansome, 1977). The use of KO's system now enables us to examine whether the induction process is also sterol dependent. KO's experiments provide no information on this point as V8 juice medium was used throughout. We report experiments in which the strains were grown on synthetic medium, with and without sterols, which were intended to show whether the production of a hormone requires the presence of sterol. M E T H O D SThe strains used were: A1 mating type -Phytophthora parasitica (P. nicotianae var. parasitica) P991; A2 mating type -P. parasitica P73 1 and P. palrnivora P255 (IMI 189732).The medium contained, per litre: 10 g sucrose, 1.5 g monosodium glutamate monohydrate, 0.5 g KH,PO,, 0.25 g MgS0,.7H,O, 0.1 g CaCl,, 1 ml trace element solution (Elliott 8c Knights, 1981), 1 mg thamin hydrochloride, 1.0 g Tween 80, 0 or 10 mg cholesterol or sitosterol, 10.0 g Oxoid agar no. 3. The Tween 80 and sterol were dissolved in acetone and added after autoclaving (1 ml of each solution per 100 ml medium).Medium was dispensed in 35 mm plastic Petri dishes, 3 ml per dish, inoculated centrally and incubated at 25 OC.Cultures of the required age (generally 6 d for both mating types) were removed whole from the small plastic dishes and placed one above the other in 9 cm glass Petri dishes with a 47 mm polycarbonate membrane (CPR 0.2 pm; Nuclepore Corporati...

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Oospore Production in Phytophthora Cinnamomi in the Presence of Trichoderma Koningii

Cited by 38 publications

References 1 publication

Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma

Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma

Phytophthora cinnamomi A1: An ancient resident of New Guinea and Australia of Gondwanan origin?

Sterol Requirement of Mating Strains of Heterothallic Phytophthoras

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