Oomycete pathogens encode RNA silencing suppressors

Qiao, Yongli; Lin, Liu; Xiong, Qin; Flores, Cristina; Wong, James; Shi, Jinxia; Wang, Xianbing; Liu, Xigang; Xiang, Qijun; Jiang, Shushu; Zhang, Fuchun; Wang, Yuanchao; Judelson, Howard S.; Chen, Xuemei; Ma, Wenbo

doi:10.1038/ng.2525

Cited by 221 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To successfully colonise host plants, pathogens secrete effectors, which are often small and cysteine-containing proteins, to target key components of the defence system and effectively subvert PAMP-triggered immunity (Boller and He 2009; Monaghan and Zipfel 2012; Pumplin and Voinnet 2013; Wong et al 2014). The mechanism of how effectors modulate plant immunity is largely unclear, especially in RNA interference (RNAi)-involved pathways which usually play pivotal roles in both plant immunity as well as pathogen infection (Bozkurt et al 2012; Qiao et al 2013). Previous study identified Pseudomonas syringae effectors that suppress transcriptional activation of PAMP-responsive micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA biogenesis, stability or activity, and Arabidopsis miRNA-deficient mutants partly restored growth of P. syringae secretion-defectivemutant (Navarro et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous study identified Pseudomonas syringae effectors that suppress transcriptional activation of PAMP-responsive micro RNAs (miRNAs) or miRNA biogenesis, stability or activity, and Arabidopsis miRNA-deficient mutants partly restored growth of P. syringae secretion-defectivemutant (Navarro et al 2008). Hundreds of predicted effector genes from oomycete genomes reflect more complex defence–counterdefence crosstalk than that in plant–bacteria interactions (Thines and Kamoun 2010; Qiao et al 2013). Recent results showed that two effectors from the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae can suppress plant RNA silencing (or RNAi) by inhibiting the biogenesis of small RNAs (sRNAs) (Qiao et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hundreds of predicted effector genes from oomycete genomes reflect more complex defence–counterdefence crosstalk than that in plant–bacteria interactions (Thines and Kamoun 2010; Qiao et al 2013). Recent results showed that two effectors from the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora sojae can suppress plant RNA silencing (or RNAi) by inhibiting the biogenesis of small RNAs (sRNAs) (Qiao et al 2013). These findings suggest that modulation or suppression of host RNAi pathways is a common strategy used by pathogens for host colonisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide profiling of sRNAs in the Verticillium dahliae-infected Arabidopsis roots

et al. 2018

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Small RNAs (sRNAs, including small interfering RNAs [siRNAs] and micro RNAs [miRNAs]) are key mediators of RNA silencing (or RNA interference), which play important roles in plant development and response to biotic and abiotic stimulation. Verticillium wilt is a plant vascular disease caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogens, such as Verticillium dahliae. We previously reported that V. dahliae infection increased two plant endogenous miRNAs that were exported to fungal cell to silence virulence genes. To investigate plant sRNAs in genome-wide response to V. dahliae infection, in this study, we constructed two sRNA libraries from Arabidopsis roots with and without V. dahliae infection, respectively. In total, 31 conserved miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed during the early stage of infection with V. dahliae using sRNA sequencing. Among these, the expression levels of miR160, miR164, miR166, miR167, miR390 and miR156h were confirmed by northern blot. Reverse transcription quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction results showed that the induction of miRNAs (miR160, miR164, miR166 and miR167) upon V. dahliae infection downregulated the expression of their targeted genes (ARF10, NAC1, PHV and ARF6), respectively. In addition, we identified specific phased siRNAs generated from distinct regions of two libraries. Profiling of these miRNAs and sRNAs lay the foundation for further understanding and utilising the host-induced gene silencing strategy to control plant vascular pathogens.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-wide profiling of sRNAs in the Verticillium dahliae-infected Arabidopsis roots

et al. 2018

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“…Using a functional screen, we recently identified two P. sojae RxLR effectors that can suppress the RNAsilencing process in plants (15). RNA silencing is a key mechanism of gene regulation in eukaryotes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Phytophthora effector targets a novel component of small RNA pathway in plants to promote infection

Qiao

Shi

Zhai³

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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162

140

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A broad range of parasites rely on the functions of effector proteins to subvert host immune response and facilitate disease development. The notorious Phytophthora pathogens evolved effectors with RNA silencing suppression activity to promote infection in plant hosts. Here we report that the Phytophthora Suppressor of RNA Silencing 1 (PSR1) can bind to an evolutionarily conserved nuclear protein containing the aspartate-glutamate-alanine-histidine-box RNA helicase domain in plants. This protein, designated PSR1-Interacting Protein 1 (PINP1), regulates the accumulation of both microRNAs and endogenous small interfering RNAs in Arabidopsis. A null mutation of PINP1 causes embryonic lethality, and silencing of PINP1 leads to developmental defects and hypersusceptibility to Phytophthora infection. These phenotypes are reminiscent of transgenic plants expressing PSR1, supporting PINP1 as a direct virulence target of PSR1. We further demonstrate that the localization of the Dicer-like 1 protein complex is impaired in the nucleus of PINP1-silenced or PSR1-expressing cells, indicating that PINP1 may facilitate small RNA processing by affecting the assembly of dicing complexes. A similar function of PINP1 homologous genes in development and immunity was also observed in Nicotiana benthamiana. These findings highlight PINP1 as a previously unidentified component of RNA silencing that regulates distinct classes of small RNAs in plants. Importantly, Phytophthora has evolved effectors to target PINP1 in order to promote infection.Phytophthora pathogenesis | RxLR effector | RNA helicase | gene silencing | small RNA

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“…The positive values on the X axis indicate higher expression in NILs compare to MM, and negative values indicate lower expression in NILs compare to MM RNA silencing (also called RNA interference, RNAi) is the most common antiviral mechanism in plants, and thus, viruses interfere with their host's RNA silencing pathways (reviewed by Voinnet 2005). Such an ability had not been reported for other pathogens, until recently that Qiao and co-workers demonstrated that several effectors of Phytophtora sojae supress the RNA silencing in plants by inhibiting the biogenesis of small RNAs (Qiao et al 2013).…”

Section: Rna Silencing In Pm Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics and molecular mechanisms of resistance to powdery mildews in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relatives

et al. 2013

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Powdery mildews (PMs) cause disease in a wide range of plant species including important crops. Taking tomato as an example, here we review findings on the genetic basis and mechanisms of plant resistance to PMs. First, we present a summary of our research on tomato resistance to two PM species, with the focus on Oidium neolycopersici. We discuss the genetics of resistance to this pathogen in tomato. Then, we compare different forms of resistance mediated by different resistance genes based on molecular and cytological data. Also, we provide a comparison between these resistance genes in tomato with those in barley, Arabidopsis and wheat, in order to present a model for the genetic basis of resistance to PMs in plants. We try to accommodate these resistance mechanisms in the current model of plant innate immunity. At the end we discuss possibilities to translate these findings to practical approaches in breeding for resistance to PMs in crops.

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Oomycete pathogens encode RNA silencing suppressors

Cited by 221 publications

References 41 publications

Genome-wide profiling of sRNAs in the Verticillium dahliae-infected Arabidopsis roots

Genome-wide profiling of sRNAs in the Verticillium dahliae-infected Arabidopsis roots

Phytophthora effector targets a novel component of small RNA pathway in plants to promote infection

Genetics and molecular mechanisms of resistance to powdery mildews in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and its wild relatives

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