Ooid Fabric in the Jurassic of the Indus Basin, Pakistan: Control on the Original Mineralogy

Ali, Fahad; Hanif, Muhammad; Zhang, Shiqi; Latif, Khalid; Ahmad, Sajjad; Jan, Irfan U.; Khan, Hawas

doi:10.18520/cs/v119/i5/831-840

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Datta Formation is documented to have been deposited in continental settings, forming an unconformable contact, either with the underlying Triassic Kingriali Formation or Pre‐Cambrian rocks and is conformably overlain by the Shinawari and Samana Suk formations (Hashmi, Jan, Khan, & Ali, 2018). The Lower Jurassic Shinawari Formation has an interbedded sequence of shales, marls, sandstones, and limestones, representing shallow to deep marine environments (Ali et al, 2020). The overlying Samana Suk Formation is mainly represented by shallow marine carbonates with some sandstone, siltstone, and mudstones, and has preserved a diverse fauna such as bryozoans, molluscs, brachiopods, ostracods, pollen, and spores.…”

Section: Geology Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deposition has resulted in development of a thick sequence of middle Mesozoic rocks (10 to >2,000 m) dominated by calcareous content and depicts variation in lithologies in the inter‐ and intra‐basinal stratigraphic set up. Researchers (e.g., Ahmad et al, 2019; Ali et al, 2020; Ali, Haneef, Anjum, Hanif, & Khan, 2013; Hussain et al, 2013; Nizami & Sheikh, 2009; Qureshi, Butt, & Ghazi, 2008; Saboor, Haneef, Hanif, & Swati, 2020; Shah, Rahim, Hassan, Mustafa, & Ahmad, 2020; Wadood et al, 2020) have portrayed the microfacies and depositional environments of the Middle Jurassic carbonate unit in various sections of the Upper and Lower Indus basins. In terms of palaeoenvironments, they have been interpreted as ranging from tidal flat‐lagoon complex to shoals, beaches, and middle to outer ramp environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Saboor

Wang

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional changes present in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonate‐dominated units (Samana Suk, Shinawari, Chiltan and Loralai formations) of the Indus Basin, Pakistan have been addressed. The study is based on 11 sections along a N‐S transect on the western margin of the Indian Plate to provide an insight into the nature of cementation and dolomitization behavior by using an integrated petrographic and geochemical analysis. The carbonates located in the northern proximity are dominated by the eogenetic signatures of hardgrounds, biogenic micritization, and iron‐containing burrows. The pattern and yellowish‐brown coloration of the burrows is distinct, and shows a positive relationship with the Fe, Si, Al, K, Mn concentrations, and meteoric phase. The transition from the Early to Middle Jurassic is marked by a correspondent increase in the dolomitization and bioturbation but its intensity decreases from north to the south. The packing index and marine phreatic environments generally increase towards the south. The planar‐s to planar‐e protodolomite and dolomite proper have particularly targeted the micritic facies and allochems, courtesy of retaining high‐magnesian calcite waters, and the geochemical analysis also reveals some dedolomitization, associated with sequence boundaries. The pore occluding cements of the Samana Suk and Chiltan formations are Fe deficient and have low Sr and Mn levels, as compared to the Shinawari Formation. The latter has an elevated concentration of Fe, Mg, Si, Al, Sr, Mn, and the Fe + Mn versus Sr relationship and Mn* values suggest that cementation dominantly occurred in the oxic‐dysoxic zones of sub‐tropical climate.

show abstract

Section: Geology Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Saboor

Wang

et al. 2022

Geological Journal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Discovery of the Lower-Middle Jurassic high potential source rocks based on the geochemical investigation from the Indus Basin, Pakistan

Ali

Zhang

Abbas³

et al. 2022

Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mapping Allochemical Limestone Formations in Hazara, Pakistan Using Google Cloud Architecture: Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms on Multispectral Data

Khan

Muhammad

Bashir

et al. 2021

IJGI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Low-resolution Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) maps surrounding the region of interest show oolitic and fossiliferous limestone occurrences correspondingly in Samanasuk, Lockhart, and Margalla hill formations in the Hazara division, Pakistan. Machine-learning algorithms (MLAs) have been rarely applied to multispectral remote sensing data for differentiating between limestone formations formed due to different depositional environments, such as oolitic or fossiliferous. Unlike the previous studies that mostly report lithological classification of rock types having different chemical compositions by the MLAs, this paper aimed to investigate MLAs’ potential for mapping subclasses within the same lithology, i.e., limestone. Additionally, selecting appropriate data labels, training algorithms, hyperparameters, and remote sensing data sources were also investigated while applying these MLAs. In this paper, first, oolitic (Samanasuk), fossiliferous (Lockhart and Margalla) limestone-bearing formations along with the adjoining Hazara formation were mapped using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), classification and regression tree (CART), and naïve Bayes (NB) MLAs. The RF algorithm reported the best accuracy of 83.28% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.78. To further improve the targeted allochemical limestone formation map, annotation labels were generated by the fusion of maps obtained from principal component analysis (PCA), decorrelation stretching (DS), X-means clustering applied to ASTER-L1T, Landsat-8, and Sentinel-2 datasets. These labels were used to train and validate SVM, CART, NB, and RF MLAs to obtain a binary classification map of limestone occurrences in the Hazara division, Pakistan using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The classification of Landsat-8 data by CART reported 99.63% accuracy, with a Kappa coefficient of 0.99, and was in good agreement with the field validation. This binary limestone map was further classified into oolitic (Samanasuk) and fossiliferous (Lockhart and Margalla) formations by all the four MLAs; in this case, RF surpassed all the other algorithms with an improved accuracy of 96.36%. This improvement can be attributed to better annotation, resulting in a binary limestone classification map, which formed a mask for improved classification of oolitic and fossiliferous limestone in the area.

show abstract

Ooid Fabric in the Jurassic of the Indus Basin, Pakistan: Control on the Original Mineralogy

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

The physical and geochemical character of the post‐depositional alterations in the Early‐Middle Jurassic carbonates on the western margin of the Indian Plate: Implications for cement morphologies and dolomitization

Discovery of the Lower-Middle Jurassic high potential source rocks based on the geochemical investigation from the Indus Basin, Pakistan

Mapping Allochemical Limestone Formations in Hazara, Pakistan Using Google Cloud Architecture: Application of Machine-Learning Algorithms on Multispectral Data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About