Onychomycosis Due to Arthrinium arundinis: A Case Report

Onychomycosis caused by Arthrinium arundinis in leprosy patient: Case report

“…Until now, 70 species of Arthrinium fungi have been reported and they are, generally, not implicated in human or animal disease [ 11 ]. However, two skin infection cases in humans caused by Arthrinium phaeospermum [ 12 , 13 ] and one case of onychomycosis caused by A. aurundinis have already been described [ 7 ].…”

“…In the present case, to reduce the chances of NDFF being a contaminant, the following criteria were used: the identification of irregular hyphae in the direct mycological examination of the nail scraping of three consecutive collections with intervals of one month between each one; obtaining three positive cultures on Sabouraud dextrose agar in the three different collections; and the failure to obtain dermatophyte fungi isolation in cultures of the same nail material on Mycosel® agar [ 2 , 4 ]. For species identification, it was performed the sequencing of ITS and TEF1-α fungus genes [ 7 , 16 ].…”

“…The first reported case of A. arundinis as causing onychomycosis was resistant to fluconazole and caspofungin, and susceptible to itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole [ 7 ]. However, in the present case, the isolate was susceptible to amphotericin B and was not susceptible to itraconazole, results contrary to those obtained by the first published case report.…”

“…This species are usually resistant to conventional onychomycosis treatments [ 2 , 4 , 6 ]. The genus Arthrinium comprises a group of NDFF, most of the species are endophytes of several plants [ 7 ]. Only one case of onychomycosis has been identified as caused by Arthrinium arundinis species [ 7 ].…”

“…The genus Arthrinium comprises a group of NDFF, most of the species are endophytes of several plants [ 7 ]. Only one case of onychomycosis has been identified as caused by Arthrinium arundinis species [ 7 ]. The aim of this case is to report onychomycosis caused by Arthrinium arundinis in a lepromatous leprosy patient in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.…”