Wave Propagation FEB RAS, 684034 Kamchatka region, Elizovskiy district, Paratunka, Russia� ��������� Optimization problems of construction, development and changing the structure of geospace self-organizing question-answering sensor networks (GSQASN) are considered. The task specifies the coordinates of various network nodes. It is required with the specified functional, structural, cost and spatial constraints to change the structure of the GSQASN by adding new nodes, moving to new positions or removing some existing nodes. After the formation of the GSQASN structure we solve the task of question-answer agents placement into GSQASN structure in order to be able to answer the given types of questions under the established limitations. The functional scheme of a given category nodes placement into GSQASN structure and approximate bio-inspired algorithms for solving the tasks are proposed. The results of the work can be used in the construction of specific GSQASN and in the GSQASN design support systems.
��������������New space technologies (nanosatellites, CubeSats, SmallSats and etc.), private space companies and the projects for launching thousands of small satellites to organize space networks with different purposes give principally new opportunities to monitor geospheres. We should note the increasing number of separate monitoring systems applying the data obtained from the geospace. The examples of such systems are the following: systems of estimation of magnetospheric parameters based on whistler distributed registration (AWDANet system); distributed systems for lightning activity monitoring (WWLLN, Blitzortung.org, Earth Networks and etc.); the Earth's ionosphere monitoring systems (ionospheric vertical sounding systems; GPS/GNSS ionospheric sounding allows to get the data about variations of the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere with high spatial and temporal resolution; and etc.), different monitoring systems applying satellite data (including global navigational systems to determine locations and time synchronization of measurements), space weather monitoring systems and so on. The term «geospace» is understood as the region of space that goes from the solar photosphere to the atmosphere of