Ontogeny of the Locomotor Activity Rhythm in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Menezes, Alexandre A.L.; Moreira, L. F. S.; Menna‐Barreto, Luiz

doi:10.1076/brhm.27.3.319.12970

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The animals showed differences in the phase angle of entrainment, day-to-day variability of activity onsets and offsets, duration of active phase, total activity and endogenous period according to the nest box availability. Despite interindividual variation in the nest box condition under the LD cycle (12: 12), activity onset occurred before lights on and offset around 1 h before lights off, as observed by Menezes et al [1996b] in seminatural and by Erkert [1989] in LDcontrolled conditions. In contrast, in the no-nest-box condition, there was a small delay for activity onset, which occurred after or at lights on, and a pronounced delay for offset, as seen in the CAR profiles of marmosets studied by Silva et al [2005] and Mendes et al [2008] in a controlled LD condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nest Box Availability on the Circadian Activity Rhythm of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Gonçalves¹,

Belísio²,

Azevedo³

2009

IJFP

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The effect of nest box availability on the circadian activity rhythm (CAR) was compared in a diurnal primate kept in two conditions: with and without nest box, in a light-dark (LD) cycle (12:12) and constant light (LL). Marmosets kept in LD without nest box showed a longer duration of the activity phase (α), smaller day-to-day variability in activity onset and offset and higher levels of activity, particularly towards the end of the activity time. In LL, all animals maintained with nest box expressed free-running CAR, but without nest box, 3 of the 4 individuals showed relative coordination with the outdoor LD cycle, possibly due to social synchronization with captive marmosets maintained outdoors. All animals showed longer α and higher levels of activity without nest box. Thus, the availability of a nest box is an important aspect in maintaining marmosets, influencing CAR expression in this diurnal primate in LD and LL conditions, possibly due to differences in light exposure that induces masking. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the unavailability of a nest box on CAR in LL conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nest Box Availability on the Circadian Activity Rhythm of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Gonçalves¹,

Belísio²,

Azevedo³

2009

IJFP

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“…In primates, this kind of fluctuation has been shown for various behaviors, autonomic variables, and hormones [Menezes et al, 1996]. The study of hormones in fecal materials has recently increased, but an understanding of the diurnal variation of the excreted steroids in this material has not been examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal steroids in common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) females

Sousa

Ziegler

1998

American J Primatol

120

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The use of fecal steroid analysis to assess gonadal and adrenal function in primates has rapidly increased in recent years due to the ability to collect feces from nonhuman primates living in wild conditions. These techniques offer an exciting new potential for enhancing our knowledge of the endocrine status of free‐living animals. Prior to using these techniques under field conditions, it is important to determine the diurnal variation of fecal excreted steroids for assessing possible time limitations on fecal collections. The following study investigates the diurnal frequency of defecation and patterns of steroid levels excreted in feces from four female common marmosets, Callithrix jacchus, living in a family group. These females represented three reproductive conditions: early pregnancy, ovarian cycling, and noncycling (postpubertal). Cortisol, estradiol, and progesterone were extracted and analyzed by enzyme immunoassay. Diurnal variations in steroid levels were found by ANOVA for cortisol and progesterone but not for estradiol. Significantly higher levels of cortisol were found in the afternoon, while the reverse was found for progesterone. All females showed the same pattern of steroid level change, except for cortisol in the pregnant female. Since all females defecated within the first hour after they awoke in the morning, this time was determined to be the most effective time to collect feces. The consistency of our findings reinforces the usefulness of this approach for studying reproductive and adrenocortical function in marmosets and also indicates that fecal collection should be limited to either morning or afternoon collections. Am. J. Primatol. 46:105–117, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…As Alonso and Langguth (1989) demonstrated, foraging behavior, i.e., ingestion of animal, fruit, and exudate items, has a bimodal pattern of diurnal distribution very similar to that we found for scent-marking behavior. Though juveniles also showed both 24-and 8-h components, amplitude fluctuation is lower than for adults, suggesting that the frequency of this behavior increases during growth, as Menezes et al (1996) also observed for locomotor activity. Few researchers have addressed the ontogeny of scentmarking behavior in callitrichids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Circadian Variation with a Diurnal Bimodal Profile on Scent-Marking Behavior in Captive Common Marmosets (Callitrhix jacchus)

2006

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Scent-marking behavior is associated with different behavioral contexts in callitrichids, including signalizing a territory, location of feeding resources, and social rank. In marmosets and tamarins it is also associated with intersexual communication. Though it appears very important for the daily routine of the individuals, very few researchers have investigated distribution through the 24-h cycle. In a preliminary report, we described a preferential incidence of this behavior 2 h before nocturnal rest in families of common marmosets. We expand the data using 8 family groups (28 subjects), 8 fathers, 6 mothers, 8 nonreproductive adults (4 sons and 4 daughters), and 6 juvenile (3 sons and 3 daughters) offspring that we kept in outdoor cages under natural environmental conditions. We recorded the frequency of anogenital scent marking for each group during the light phase, twice a wk, for 4 consecutive wks, from March 1998 to September 1999. Cosinor test detected 24-and 8-h variations in 89.3% and 85.7% of the subjects, respectively, regardless of sex or reproductive status. The 8-h component is a consequence of the 2 peaks for the behavior, at the beginning and end of the light phase. Daily distribution 264 Sousa, Moura, and Menezes of scent marking is similar to that others described previously for motor activity in marmosets. The coincident rhythmical patterns for both behaviors seem to be associated with feeding behavior, as described for callitrichids in free-ranging conditions, involving an increase in foraging activities early in the morning and shortly before nocturnal rest.

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Ontogeny of the Locomotor Activity Rhythm in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Nest Box Availability on the Circadian Activity Rhythm of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Effect of Nest Box Availability on the Circadian Activity Rhythm of Common Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Diurnal variation on the excretion patterns of fecal steroids in common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ) females

Circadian Variation with a Diurnal Bimodal Profile on Scent-Marking Behavior in Captive Common Marmosets (Callitrhix jacchus)

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