Ontogeny of Structure and Function in the Vertebrate Auditory System

Rubel, Edwin W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66880-7_5

Cited by 201 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 259 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

132

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…There was a significant effect of frequency in the 1-day-old birds alone, F(2, 372) = 19.2, p < .00001, but no effect of frequency in the older birds alone, F(2, 372) = .9, p < .38. As astutely noted by Gottlieb (1971b), this developmental gradient in acoustic responsiveness-progressive maturation from low to high frequencies with increasing age-is also seen in a large number of other functional responses in all vertebrates thus far examined (see also Rubel, 1978).…”

Section: Responses To Onsets Of Tonessupporting

confidence: 66%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of responsiveness to suprathreshold acoustic stimulation in chickens.

Gray

Rubel²

1981

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Developmental changes in an unconditioned response to acoustic stimulation were observed in young chickens. Specifically, durations of distress call (peep) suppression were measured after the onsets of tones that differed in intensity and frequency in 384 newly hatched and 4-day-old chicks. Resuppression was also measured after a 6% change in the frequency of these tones, once the animals had habituated to the original tone. The data showed that the suppression varied systematically as a function of age, intensity, and frequency: (a) the duration of suppression increased with increasing stimulus intensity, as expected; (b) responsiveness to high frequencies grew more rapidly over the first 4 days than responsiveness to low frequencies, an effect indicating a developmental gradient across frequencies with age; (c) resuppression to the 6% change in frequency increased in duration with age; and (d) young birds suppressed vocalizations longer to loud tones in the range of their species' maternal assembly call than to other frequency-intensity combinations. These developmental trends indicate rapid changes in "perceived loudness" and "perceptual sharpening" over the first few days of postnatal life.The normally occurring processes that culminate in mature or asymptotic responses to sensory stimulation remain largely undocumented despite the fact that nearly all animals must somehow come to attend to relevant stimuli and stimulus changes in their environment. This gap in our knowledge is understandable, given the difficulties inherent in interpreting animals' responses to different stimuli and the still greater difficulties in measuring rapid developmental changes in these traits. Nevertheless, these problems in "developmental animal psychophysics" (as this area of inquiry might be termed) can be simplified by describing the functions that relate changes in responses to changes in stimulation, and by describing how these functions change over the first few days of life. To this end, this research is an example of how one stereotyped response (peep suppression in young chickens) is affected bypure tones that differ in frequency and intensity and how the effect of those stimuli changes over the first 96 hr of life.

show abstract

Section: Responses To Onsets Of Tonessupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Gibson, 1969;Gottlieb, 1971aGottlieb, , 1976Gray & Tardif, 1979;Mistretta & Bradley. 1978;Rubel, 1978;Rubel & Rosenthal, 1975).…”

Section: "Perceptual Sharpening"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of responsiveness to suprathreshold acoustic stimulation in chickens.

Gray

Rubel²

1981

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this system, the auditory nerve projects unilaterally to a relatively homogeneous population of neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus, nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and provides the only source of excitatory drive to those neurons (Parks and Rubel, 1978;Rubel 1978). This arrangement is ideal for studies of the role of sensory experience in development because unilateral manipulations of auditory nerve activity will affect afferent input to the ipsilateral NM but leave input to the contralateral NM intact, thus providing a within-subject control population of neurons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium increases bcl-2 expression in chick cochlear nucleus and protects against deafferentation-induced cell death

Bush

Hyson

2006

Neuroscience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Approximately 20-30% of neurons in the avian cochlear nucleus (nucleus magnocellularis) die following deafferentation (i.e. deafness produced by cochlea removal) and the remaining neurons show a decrease in soma size. Cell death is generally accepted to be a highly regulated process involving various pro-survival and pro-death molecules. One treatment that has been shown to modify the expression of these molecules is chronic administration of lithium. The present experiments examined whether lithium treatment can protect neurons from deafferentation-induced cell death. Post-hatch chicks were treated with LiCl or saline for 17 consecutive days, beginning on the day of hatching. On the 17th day, a unilateral cochlea ablation was performed. Five days following surgery, the nucleus magnocellularis neurons were counted stereologically on opposite sides of the same brains. Lithium reduced deafferentation-induced cell death by more than 50% (9.8% cell death as compared with 22.4% in saline-treated subjects). Lithium did not affect cell number on the intact side of the brain. Lithium also did not prevent the deafferentation-induced decrease in soma size, suggesting a dissociation between the mechanisms involved in the afferent control of soma size and those involved in the afferent control of cell viability. A possible mechanism for lithium's neuroprotective influence was examined in a second set of subjects. Previous studies suggest that the pro-survival molecule, bcl-2, may play a role in regulating cell death following deafferentation. Tissues from lithium-and saline-treated subjects were examined using immunocytochemistry. Chronic administration of lithium dramatically increased the expression of bcl-2 protein in nucleus magnocellularis neurons. These data suggest that lithium may impart its neuroprotective effect by altering the expression of molecules that regulate cell death. Keywords apoptosis; neuroprotection; auditory brainstemCell death is a regulated process that is common during normal development of the nervous system, but can be initiated by a variety of events including deafferentation, disease, or injury. Neuronal cell death can also be induced during development in many sensory systems following the loss of sensory input. For example, mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory system die following unilateral naris occlusion (Frazier and Brunjes, 1988;Meisami and Safari, 1981), and in the visual system, the survival of tectal neurons depends on activity-dependent release of trophic factors from retinotectal axon terminals (Catsicas et al., 1992). In the auditory system, cell death can occur in the cochlear nucleus following deafness (Born and Rubel, 1985;Hashisaki and Rubel, 1989;Tierney et al., 1997). Although cell death following sensory deprivation has been widely studied in a variety of systems, little work has gone into efforts *Corresponding author. Tel: +1-850-644-1200; fax: +1-850-644-7739. E-mail address: hyson@psy.fsu.edu (R. L. Hyson).. The present experiments examine the control of cel...

show abstract

“…As in other altricial rodents such as rat, mouse, and hamster (Echteler, 1992), the onset of hearing in gerbil does not occur until at least 10 d after birth (Woolf and Ryan, 1984). Therefore, important periods of development in the auditory periphery that precede the onset of hearing are more amenable to direct observation in this animal than in precocial mammals (primates, cats, and guinea pigs) whose hearing begins prenatally or at birth (Rubel, 1978;Horner et al, 1987).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the Development of Outer Hair Cell Electromotility and Efferent Innervation: A Study in Cultured Organ of Corti of Neonatal Gerbils

1997

J. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility, which powers the cochlear amplifier, develops at a later stage of hearing ontogeny. There has been speculation whether efferents play a necessary role in directing or achieving OHC maturation in mammals. In this study, we examine whether the development of OHC motility depends on the establishment of efferent innervation of the cells' synaptic pole by measuring electromotility of OHCs grown in cultures, deprived of efferent innervation. Tissue cultures of the organ of Corti were prepared from the cochleas of newborn gerbils. Solitary OHCs were obtained from 4-to 15-d-old cultures by enzymatic digestion and mechanical trituration. Length changes evoked by transcellular electrical stimulation were detected and measured with a photodiode sensor. Results show that OHCs develop electromotility between 6 and 13 d in culture without the presence of efferent innervation. The timetable for the onset of OHC electromotility is comparable with that in vivo. This demonstrates that the ontogeny of OHC electromotility is an intrinsic process that does not require the influence of efferent innervation.

show abstract

Ontogeny of Structure and Function in the Vertebrate Auditory System

Cited by 201 publications

References 259 publications

Development of responsiveness to suprathreshold acoustic stimulation in chickens.

Development of responsiveness to suprathreshold acoustic stimulation in chickens.

Lithium increases bcl-2 expression in chick cochlear nucleus and protects against deafferentation-induced cell death

Relationship between the Development of Outer Hair Cell Electromotility and Efferent Innervation: A Study in Cultured Organ of Corti of Neonatal Gerbils

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About