Ontogeny of primary lymphoid organs and lymphoid stem cells

Douarin, Nicole M. Le; Dieterlen‐Lièvre, Françoise; Oliver, Peter

doi:10.1002/aja.1001700305

Cited by 151 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…cells (Le Douarin et al, 1984;Moore and Owen, 1967). This pathway set the basis for the prevailing idea that the YS was the only site of de novo blood-cell generation from HSC (Moore and Metcalf, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic origin of human hematopoiesis

Tavian¹,

Biasch²,

Sinka³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are at the origin of the adult hematopoietic system. They give rise to all blood cells through a complex series of proliferation and differentiation events that occur throughout the lifespan of the individual. Because of their potential clinical importance in transplantation, recent research has focused on the developmental origins of embryonic HSC. During development in vertebrate embryos, two independent anatomical sites generate hematopoietic cells. The yolk sac is responsible for a first ephemeral hematopoiesis, characterized by the early appearance of hematopoietic progenitors with limited development ability that rapidly differentiate toward erythro-myeloid lineages. Self-renewing, multipotent adult-type HSC that also exhibit B and T lymphoid potentials emerge autonomously in the aorta/gonad/mesonephros (AGM) region inside the embryo. In this review, we provide a brief summary of recent developments regarding the origins of hematopoietic stem cells in the early human embryo. The recent discovery that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a novel cell surface marker of human HSC is discussed in detail.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic origin of human hematopoiesis

Tavian¹,

Biasch²,

Sinka³

et al. 2010

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…The three-dimensional thymic epithelial reticulum develops from the third and fourth branchial pouch endoderm (Farley et al 2013;Gill et al 2003;Gordon and Manley 2011;Le Douarin 1967;Le Douarin et al 1984;Neves et al 2012;Rodewald 2008;Venzke 1952) and differentiates into cortical and medullary epithelial cells. Le Douarin (1967) isolated the branchial pouch endoderm, before fusion with the ectoderm of the branchial groove and co-cultured it with the mesenchyme; this resulted in the formation of functional thymic tissue providing evidence that (1) branchial endoderm without ectoderm was capable of thymic organogenesis and (2) thymic epithelial cell (TEC) differentiation required mesenchymal cell cooperation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel aspect of the structure of the avian thymic medulla

et al. 2014

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We provide evidence for the compartmentalization of the avian thymic medulla and identify the avian thymic dendritic cell. The thymic anlage develops from an epithelial cord of the branchial endoderm. Branches of the cord are separated by primary septae of neural crest origin. The dilation of the primary septae produces the keratin-negative area (KNA) of the thymic medulla and fills the gaps of the keratin-positive network (KPN). Morphometric analysis indicates that the KNA takes up about half of the volume of the thymic medulla, which has reticular connective tissue, like peripheral lymphoid organs. The KNA receives blood vessels and in addition to pericytes, the myoid cells of striated muscle structure occupy this area. The myoid cells are of branchial arch or prechordal plate origin providing indirect evidence for the neural crest origin of the KNA. The marginal epithelial cells of the KPN co-express keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments, which indicate their functional peculiarity. The basal lamina of the primary septum is discontinuous on the surface of the KPN providing histological evidence for the loss of the blood-thymus barrier in the medulla. In the center of the KNA, the dendritic cells lie in close association with blood vessels, whereas the B-cells accumulate along the KPN. The organization of the KPN and KNA increases the "surface" of the so-called cortico-medullary border, thereby contributing to the efficacy of central tolerance.

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“…In chicken embryos, the HSC of intraembryonic origin are scattered all over the body and are especially numerous in the dorsal mesentery in the vicinity of the aorta (17). In quail embryos, the foci of the intraembryonic HSC are localized in the angle of the duct of Cuvier and anterior cardinal vein (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In quail embryos, the foci of the intraembryonic HSC are localized in the angle of the duct of Cuvier and anterior cardinal vein (17). In mice, an earlier study showed that YS was the only source of CFU-GM formation, and these HSC migrated via PB to colonize other hemopoietic organs (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Forming Units from Cord Blood of Premature and Full-Term Neonates: Its Role in Ontogeny of Human Hemopoiesis

Liang

Lin‐Chu

et al. 1988

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. It is still uncertain whether the yolk sac is the only origin of hemopoietic stem cells during fetal development. We studied the level of circulating granulocytelmacrophage colony-forming unit (CFU-GM) from the 23rd week of gestation to fullterm, trying to delineate its role in the ontogeny of human hemopoiesis. Cord blood samples were collected from 45 healthy premature neonates and 91 healthy full-term neonates. CFU-GM assays were performed using a single agar layer system with human placental conditioned medium as a source of colony stimulating activity. The mean numbers of colonies produced from the cord blood samples of the premature and full-term neonates were 116 f 185 (SD) and 96 + 11312 x lo5 mononuclear cells, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the numbers of colonies of the two groups (Mann-Whitney test, p > 0.05). These results indicate that the level of circulating CFU-GM from the 23rd week of gestation to full term is constantly high an^ add credence to the assumption that CFU-GM are produced not only from the yolk sac but also from other hemopoietic sites. (Pediatv Res 24:701-702,1988) Abbreviations CFU-GM, granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units HSC, hemopoietic stem cells BM, bone marrow CB, cord blood PB, peripheral blood MNC, mononuclear cells YS, yolk sacThe hemopoietic stem cells which form colonies in vitro in the presence of colony stimulating activity are designated as colonyforming units in culture and regarded as the committed stem cells of the granulocyte and monocyte-macrophage series (1). During human intrauterine development, hemopoiesis has three phases. In the embryo, erythroblasts arise in the YS. From the 6th wk of gestation, erythropoiesis is transferred to the liver which is the most active site of hemopoiesis from the 6th to the 12th wk of gestation. Although the HSC populations are exclusively erythropoietic, CFU-GM are present in fetal liver in a level Received September 25, 1987; accepted August 8, 1988. Correspondence Dr. Der-Cherng Liang, Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 92, Sec. 2, Chung-San North Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10449, Republic of China. similar to (2) or even higher than (3) that in the adult BM. Hepatic hemopoiesis declines in the 3rd trimester and ceases soon after birth. The onset of BM hemopoiesis occurs during the 15-16th wk of gestation (4). Whether the YS is the only origin of HSC remains to be clarified.A high level of CFU-GM has been found in human fetal blood from the 12th to the 18th (5) and the 13th to the 21st (4) wk of gestation. CFU-GM has also been noted to be increased in CB of full-term neonates (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). In this report, we studied the level of circulating CFU-GM from the 23rd wk of gestation to full term, trying to delineate its role in the ontogeny of human hemopoiesis. MATERIALS AND METHODSMaterials. CB was collected in sterile tubes containing heparin immediately after delivery and was kept at 4" C for less than 12 h before culture. Altogether, 136 CB samples ...

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Ontogeny of primary lymphoid organs and lymphoid stem cells

Cited by 151 publications

References 88 publications

Embryonic origin of human hematopoiesis

Embryonic origin of human hematopoiesis

A novel aspect of the structure of the avian thymic medulla

Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Forming Units from Cord Blood of Premature and Full-Term Neonates: Its Role in Ontogeny of Human Hemopoiesis

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