Ontogeny of object versus location recognition in the rat: Acquisition and retention effects

Westbrook, Sara Ruth; Brennan, Lauren; Stanton, Mark E.

doi:10.1002/dev.21232

Cited by 40 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…In trial two, a plastic basketball (novel object; 6.4 cm W × 6.4 cm L × 6.4 cm H) replaced one of the first objects. This retention interval of 5 minutes was used to assess short-term memory, and previous studies have shown that neonatal and adolescent rats are able to perform the novel object recognition test with an interval of this length [44]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice

Buck

Morris

Weber

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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The neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure in the developing and adult brain can lead to behavioral alterations and cognitive deficits in adults. Previous increases in the rates of adolescent MA use necessitate that we understand the behavioral and cognitive effects of MA exposure during adolescence on the adolescent brain. Adolescents using MA exhibit high rates of nicotine (NIC) use, but the effects of concurrent MA and NIC in the adolescent brain have not been examined, and it is unknown if NIC mediates any of the effects of MA in the adolescent. In this study, the long-term effects of a neurotoxic dose of MA with or without NIC exposure during early adolescence (postnatal day 30-31) were examined later in adolescence (postnatal day 41-50) in male C57BL/6J mice. Effects on behavioral performance in the open field, Porsolt forced swim test, and conditioned place preference test, and cognitive performance in the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze were assessed. Additionally, the effects of MA and/or NIC on levels of microtubule associated-2 (MAP-2) protein in the nucleus accumbens and plasma corticosterone were examined. MA and NIC exposure during early adolescence separately decreased anxiety-like behavior in the open field test, which was not seen following co-administration of MA/NIC. There was no significant effect of early adolescent MA and/or NIC exposure on the intensity of MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens or on plasma corticosterone levels. These results show that early adolescent MA and NIC exposure separately decrease anxiety-like behavior in the open field, and that concurrent MA and NIC exposure does not induce the same behavioral change as either drug alone.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice

Buck

Morris

Weber

et al. 2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…Measurements of data from object recognition test, MWM, protein levels, and histological measures were analyzed by ANOVA for ‘sex' and ‘maternal treatment' followed by Duncan's post hoc test for each experimental group. For NOR one-sample t tests were used to compare exploration ratios of each group and ITI to an exploration ratio indicating no preference (0.5) [18]. Data for behavioral and protein measures are expressed as group means ± SEM and for histological measures as means ± SD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discrepancies may depend on the nature of the stressor and the time interval between the acquisition and retention trials. In juvenile males aged 35 days, neither controls nor PS rats showed significant NOR [5] in spite of the fact that others have shown that rats can recognize a novel object from 17 days of age [18]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Stress on Memory and Markers of Neuronal Activity in Juvenile Rats

Barbie-Shoshani

Shoham²,

Bejar³

et al. 2016

Dev Neurosci

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Stress during pregnancy can increase the incidence of emotional problems, learning and language difficulties in human infants and pre-adolescents. Most preclinical studies in rats that attempted to find experimental support for these observations were performed in adult male offspring, but the results are inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of prenatal stress on novel object recognition (NOR) and spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze (MWM) of juvenile rats of both sexes. By the use of fluorescence immunohistochemistry and protein measurements by Western blot, we measured the expression of markers of neurogenesis (doublecortin, DCX) and neuronal activity that are important for synaptic plasticity and learning (c-fos, GluR1, nNOS). Since neuronal activity in the developing and adult brain can be regulated by astrocytes, we also measured the number of astrocytes and the expression of two astroglial proteins (GFAP and S100B) in the stress-responsive hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Experiments were performed on littermates of rats in which its effects on behavior were measured. We found for the first time that juvenile females performed better than males in the NOR and MWM tests. They also had higher densities of DCX and c-fos in the DG, together with the expression of nNOS and GluR1 in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG. There were no sex differences in the expression of GFAP and S100B in astrocytes. Prenatal stress did not affect NOR in females, but improved it in males, together with an increase in DCX+ and c-fos, the number of GFAP-expressing astrocytes and the intensity of GFAP and S100B immunofluorescence in the DG. Staining intensity of GluR1 and nNOS in the hilus and SGZ of the DG, and protein expression in the whole DG, was unchanged in prenatally stressed males. Thus, prenatal stress changed the behavior and expression of key proteins in the DG to resemble that in females. A reduction in plasma testosterone, which although not attaining statistical significance was associated with that in anogenital distance, may contribute to the effect of prenatal stress in males. In females, prenatal stress had no effect on c-fos, DCX or the number of astrocytes but reduced the staining intensity of GluR1 and nNOS. Protein expression of nNOS was also significantly lower than that in prenatally stressed males. The differential effects of prenatal stress on hippocampal neuronal and glial markers may help to explain the sex-dependent effect on spatial learning in prepubertal rats.

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“…The paradigm is based on rodents’ innate preference for novel stimuli in their environments [11], and the many task variants within the paradigm can be used to assess different processes of incidental object, spatial, contextual, and temporal learning and memory [12, 13]. Novelty recognition paradigms are advantageous for studying the neurobiology of memory because they typically involve a one-trial training phase, and recognition memory has been shown to emerge during early development [14-17]. In adult rats, variants of this paradigm rely on different neural systems [13, 18], which makes these tasks particularly useful for investigating neurocognitive development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Performance of the OR task emerges before postnatal day (PD) 17 in the rat [16, 17], whereas our lab demonstrated that the OL task, which relies on hippocampal function [12, 13, 16, 20, 21], emerges between PD17 and 21 [17]. Likewise, the CPFE, a form of contextual fear conditioning that also requires incidental context learning and the hippocampus [7, 22-24], ontogenetically emerges around the same time [7, 8, but see 25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny of object-in-context recognition in the rat

Ramsaran

Westbrook

Stanton

2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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The object-in-context recognition (OiC) task [19] is a spontaneous exploration task that serves as an index of incidental contextual learning and memory. During the test phase, rats prefer to explore the object mismatched to the testing context based on previous object-context pairings experienced during training. The mechanisms of OiC memory have been explored in adult rats [12, 35]; however, little is known about its determinants during development. Thus, the present study examined the ontogeny of the OiC task in preweanling through adolescent rats. We demonstrate that postnatal day (PD) 17, 21, 26, and 31 rats can perform the OiC Task (Experiment 1) and that preference for the novel target is eliminated when rats are tested in an alternate context not encountered during training (Experiment 2). Lastly, we show that PD26 but not PD17 rats can perform the OiC task when the training contexts only differed by distal spatial cues (Experiment 3). These data demonstrate for the first time that PD17 rats can acquire and retain short-term OiC memory, which involves conjunctive learning of object and context information. However, we also provide evidence that preweanling rats’ ability to utilize certain aspects of a context (i.e., distal spatial cues) in the OiC task is not equivalent to that of their older counterparts. Implications for the development of contextual memory and its related neural substrates are discussed.

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Ontogeny of object versus location recognition in the rat: Acquisition and retention effects

Cited by 40 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice

Effects of adolescent methamphetamine and nicotine exposure on behavioral performance and MAP-2 immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens of adolescent mice

Sex-Specific Effects of Prenatal Stress on Memory and Markers of Neuronal Activity in Juvenile Rats

Ontogeny of object-in-context recognition in the rat

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