Ontogeny of cranial ossification in the small‐mouthed salamander, <i>Ambystoma texanum</i> (Matthes)

Bonebrake, John E.; Brandon, Ronald A.

doi:10.1002/jmor.1051330206

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Smirnov these bones are among the first to appear just after hatching; they are retained throughout the larval period and have several rows of functional teeth; then, during the metamorphosis, they are resorbed and dis appear. The same concerns larvae of other Urodela, i.e., Salamandridae (Lebedkina, 1979;Reilly, 1986), Ambystomatidae (Bonebrake and Brandon, 1971), Dicamptodontidae (Rose, 2003), and those Pletho dontidae with larval stage present (Rose, 1995). In neotenic forms, these bones are retained throughout the animal's life (Rose, 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pecularities of bony skeleton development in Asian clawed salamanders (Onychodactylus, Hynobiidae) related to embryonization

Vassilieva

Poyarkov

Iizuka

2013

Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci

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We studied skull, vertebral column, and limb skeleton development in Japanese clawed sala mander Onychodactylus japonicus (Hynobiidae). The study is based on the ontogenetic series of embryos and larvae obtained from wild captured adults by artificial induction of breeding using hormonal stimulation. The first stages of the skeleton formation in O. japonicus are shifted to the late embryonic period and hatching lar vae already possess a well ossified vertebral column, large number of skull ossifications and show signs of ossi fication in the forelimb skeleton. Compared to the primitive pattern of the skeleton development typical for other hynobiid salamanders, O. japonicus shows a number of heterochronies related to embryonization. In particular, this species is characterized by an earlier ossification of the vertebral column compared to that of the skull and by the delayed development and early reduction of the coronoid. Our results, along with the pre viously reported data on the skeleton development in the Fischer's clawed salamander O. fischeri (Smirnov and Vassilieva, 2002), indicate that the genus Onychodactylus is characterized by the loss or reduction of sev eral skeletal features typically found at early larval stages in other Hynobiidae species. In particular, provi sional bones (especially the coronoid) and their dentition are underdeveloped. In addition, it is corroborated that the first tooth generation is absent in Onychodactylus, whereas such monocuspid nonpedicellate tooth generation normally develops at the early larval stages of other caudate amphibians. Since similar patterns of skeleton ontogeny are observed in other caudate groups with different extent of embryonization, it is pro posed that, in different lineages of Urodela, the evolution of ontogeny followed similar pathways and was accompanied by the same changes in skeletogenesis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pecularities of bony skeleton development in Asian clawed salamanders (Onychodactylus, Hynobiidae) related to embryonization

Vassilieva

Poyarkov

Iizuka

2013

Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci

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“…54 from the morphological data matrix. These characters were identified as "paedomorphic" based on the presence of states in both larvae of transforming species (Wilder, 1925;Bonebrake and Brandon, 1971; Worthington and Wake, 1971;Reilly, 1986Reilly, , 1987Rose, 1999) and adults of nontransforming species. Rigorous determination of a trait as paedomorphic depends on the species, its phylogenetic relationships, and the ontogeny of its close relatives (Fink, 1982).…”

Section: Morphological Data and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny Discombobulates Phylogeny: Paedomorphosis and Higher-Level Salamander Relationships

2005

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Evolutionary developmental biology ("evo-devo") has revolutionized evolutionary biology but has had relatively little impact on systematics. We show that similar large-scale developmental changes in distantly related lineages can dramatically mislead phylogenetic analyses based on morphological data. Salamanders are important model systems in many fields of biology and are of special interest in that many species are paedomorphic and thus never complete metamorphosis. A recent study of higher-level salamander phylogeny placed most paedomorphic families in a single clade based on morphological data. Here, we use new molecular and morphological data to show that this result most likely was caused by the misleading effects of paedomorphosis. We also provide a well-supported estimate of higher-level salamander relationships based on combined molecular and morphological data. Many authors have suggested that paedomorphosis may be problematic in studies of salamander phylogeny, but this hypothesis has never been tested with a rigorous phylogenetic analysis. We find that the misleading effects of paedomorphosis on phylogenetic analysis go beyond the sharing of homoplastic larval traits by paedomorphic adults, and the problem therefore is not solved by simply excluding suspected paedomorphic characters. Instead, two additional factors are critically important in causing paedomorphic species to be phylogenetically "misplaced": (1) the absence of clade-specific synapomorphies that develop during metamorphosis in nonpaedomorphic taxa and allow their "correct" placement and (2) parallel adaptive changes associated with the aquatic habitat of the larval stage. Our results suggest that the effects of paedomorphosis on phylogenetic analyses may be complex, difficult to detect, and can lead to results that are both wrong and statistically well supported by parsimony and Bayesian analyses.

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“… Sequence of ossification of the bones of the skull of Ambystoma texanum . Reproduced from Bonebrake & Brandon (1971). A 1 , A 2 , dorsal and lateral views of stage II skull.…”

Section: Features Distinguishing Salamanders Frogs and Caeciliansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Palaeozoic Ancestry of Salamanders, Frogs and Caecilians

Carroll

2007

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

109

129

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The relationships of frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (Gymnophiona) with one another and with the vast assemblage of Palaeozoic amphibians remain highly contentious phylogenetic problems. Cladistic analyses support a common ancestry of the three modern orders, but fail to achieve a consensus regarding their affinities with Palaeozoic amphibians. The most exhaustive phylogenetic analyses that have been applied to the ancestry of lissamphibians have recognized few, if any, biologically significant characters differentiating the living orders. These results can be attributed to limiting the database primarily to characters common to Palaeozoic amphibians and including few features that distinguish the modern orders. Making use of the numerous derived characters that are expressed in either the larvae or adults of extant salamanders, frogs, and caecilians provides the basis for recognizing a nested sequence of synapomorphies that support a common ancestry of salamanders and anurans with temnospondyl labyrinthodonts to the exclusion of caecilians. The larvae of Carboniferous and Permian temnospondyl labyrinthodonts provide strong evidence for their being members of the stem group of urodeles. This is based primarily on the great similarity in the sequence of ossification of the bones of the skull and appendicular skeleton, but is also supported by detailed similarities of the hyoid apparatus. Recognition of a sister-group relationship between Permo-Carboniferous branchiosaurids and crown-group salamanders makes it possible to determine the sequence of changes in the anatomy and ways of life that occurred during the origin of urodeles, and to determine their time of divergence relative to that of frogs and caecilians. The Lower Triassic salientian Triadobatrachus exhibits early stages in the evolution of the anuran skull that enable close comparison with Palaeozoic dissorophoid amphibians and point to the early evolution of anuran hearing and vocalization. The Lower Jurassic caecilian Eocaecilia shows few if any unique derived characters in common with salientians or caudates, but the anatomy of the skull and the elongate body form point to affinities with the Permian microsaur Rhynchonkos.

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Ontogeny of cranial ossification in the small‐mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum (Matthes)

Cited by 38 publications

References 11 publications

Pecularities of bony skeleton development in Asian clawed salamanders (Onychodactylus, Hynobiidae) related to embryonization

Pecularities of bony skeleton development in Asian clawed salamanders (Onychodactylus, Hynobiidae) related to embryonization

Ontogeny Discombobulates Phylogeny: Paedomorphosis and Higher-Level Salamander Relationships

The Palaeozoic Ancestry of Salamanders, Frogs and Caecilians

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