Ontogeny and Vascularization Elucidate the Atypical Floral Structure of<i>Ampelocera glabra</i>, a Tropical Species of Ulmaceae

Leme, Flávia Maria; Staedler, Yannick M.; Schönenberger, Jürg; Teixeira, Simone de Pádua

doi:10.1086/697899

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The flowers of these urticalean rosids fit the expected standard for anemophily, characterized as small and inconspicuous, diclinous, monochlamydeous, or achlamydeous, with a reduced number of organs and whorls and inflexed filaments (Bechtel, ; Berg, ; Clement and Weiblen, ; Leite et al., ; Leme et al., ). No resource for pollinator attraction is found (Berg, , ; Friss, ).…”

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confidence: 76%

“…As we have shown, in some species of urticalean rosids, the aborted pistil does not elongate or become evident; instead, it inflates during floral development. Floral development data available for urticalen rosids show that an aborted pistil of the staminate flower can develop and turn into a pistillode or remains rudimentary/vestigial at the base of the floral bud (Leite et al., ; Leme et al., ). In both cases, it arises after sepal/bracteole initiation as a central protuberance that can divide into two primordia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy solves the puzzle of explosive pollen release in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids

Pedersoli

Leme

Leite

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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Premise of the Study This study details the unusual synorganization of the staminate flower in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids to add the missing pieces that complete the puzzle of the explosive mechanism of pollen release in this group. Methods Flower buds and flowers were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Key Results The pistillode, stamens, and sepals form a floral apparatus that explosively releases pollen to be carried by the wind. The anthers dehisce when the stamens are still inflexed on the floral bud and are enveloped by the sepals and supported by an inflated pistillode. The distension of the filaments presses the pistillode, which decreases the pressure exerted on the anthers by releasing the air accumulated internally through its apical orifice. The extended filaments and the dehiscent free anthers move rapidly outward from the center of the flower. This movement of the filaments is then blocked by the robust basally united sepals, which causes a rapid inversion of the anther position, thus hurling the pollen grains far from the flower. The pollen grains are released grouped by the mucilage produced in high quantity in the cells found in all floral organs. Conclusions The anatomical structure of the pistillode and the finding of mucilaginous cells are the main features that help in the understanding the explosive mechanism of pollen release in urticalean rosids. The pistillode can be considered an exaptation because it was evolved later to provide a new role in the plant, optimizing male fitness.

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confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy solves the puzzle of explosive pollen release in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids

Pedersoli

Leme

Leite

et al. 2019

American J of Botany

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“…In other Cannabaceae species such as Cannabis sativa (Payer, 1857;Leme et al, 2020a) and Humulus lupulus (Shephard et al, 2000), diclinous flowers result from the absence of stamens/carpels from inception. Absence since inception (Granville, 1971;Sattler, 1973;Maier et al, 1997;Basso-Alves et al, 2014; and abortion (Payer, 1857;Okamoto et al, 1992;Basso-Alves et al, 2014;Leite et al, 2018;Leme et al, 2018) occur extensively in species of Rosales, especially in the Urticalean clade (Cannabaceae, Moraceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae, Sytsma et al, 2002) (see Table 2). Therefore, abortion and absence from inception can occur in the same family, genera, or species (different floral morphs), providing sources of floral diversification in the group (see Endress, 2011).…”

Section: Diclinous Flowermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimental studies to establish breeding systems in plant species most often have involved controlled pollination and tests of pollen and embryo sac fertility (Tandon et al, 2001;Jürgens et al, 2002;Sigrist and Sazima, 2004). Anatomical studies on the flower and the gametophytes, including morphogenesis, can also be used to clarify such questions and add information on the origin of the processes that cause pollen and embryo sac sterility (Cuevas and Polito, 2004;Leal et al, 2013;Leme et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Floral morphogenesis of Celtis species: implications for breeding system and reduced floral structure

Leme

Staedler

Schönenberger

et al. 2021

American J of Botany

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Premise: Celtis is the most species-rich genus of Cannabaceae, an economically important family. Celtis species have been described as wind-pollinated and andromonoecious. However, the andromonoecy of Celtis has been debated because there are reports of monoclinous flowers with non-opening anthers on short filaments. Our objective was to study the floral morphogenesis of Celtis to establish the breeding system and to better understand the developmental patterns that lead to the formation of reduced flowers in the genus. Methods: Flowers and floral buds of Celtis species were studied using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution x-ray computed tomography, and light microscopy. Results: All flowers initiate stamens and carpels during early floral development, but either stamens or carpels abort during later stages. Thus, at anthesis, flowers are either functionally pistillate or functionally staminate. In pistillate flowers, stamens abort late and become staminodes with normal-looking anthers. These anthers have no functional endothecium and, in most of the species studied, produce no viable pollen grains. The gynoecium is pseudomonomerous, and its vascularization is similar in the sampled species. In staminate flowers, the gynoecium aborts early resulting in small pistillodes. No vestiges of petals were found. Conclusions: The species studied are monoecious and not andromonoecious as described earlier. The absence of petals, the carpel and stamen abortion, and the pseudomonomerous gynoecium result in the reduced flowers of Celtis species. The use of high-resolution x-ray computed tomography was essential for a more accurate interpretation of ovary vascularization, confirming the pseudomonomerous structure of the gynoecium.

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“…However, the wide diversity of glandular trichomes in the family (Hammond & Mahlberg 1973;1977;Gangadhara & Inamdar 1977;Tobe & Takaso 1996;St-Laurent et al 2000) has not yet been cataloged. Ulmaceae, the elm family closely related to Cannabaceae, also exhibits glandular trichomes (Tobe & Takaso 1996;Leme et al 2018), which, however, have been little studied in terms of morphology, distribution and exudate composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological diversity of glandular trichomes in Urticalean Rosids

2022

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Glandular trichomes are epidermal structures that produce, store and release a variety of chemical compounds. Their high morphological diversity allows their taxonomic use at various levels. Therefore, their description and standardization of terminology become challenging. Cannabaceae is a well known family of Urticalean Rosids because of the presence of cannabinoid-secreting trichomes in Cannabis sativa. Other Urticalean Rosid families (Moraceae, Ulmaceae and Urticaceae) are neglected in this regard. Thus, the morphology and distribution of glandular trichomes were studied in Cannabaceae and Ulmaceae species and compared with published data for Moraceae and Urticaceae. Surface and anatomical analyses were performed on vegetative and floral organs. Urticalean Rosids show at least 15 types of glandular trichomes, 12 of them capitate and three filiform. In particular, Trema micrantha, a Cannabaceae species, has six different types. A trichome with biseriate stalk and pluricellular head, found in Trema micrantha and Pteroceltis tatarinowii, was not previously reported. Glandular trichomes are widely distributed in the plant body, which may be related to protection against herbivory. The greatest difficulty was the large quantity of terms and the lack of morphological details of the glandular trichomes in previous studies. A standardization of the terminology of glandular trichomes was therefore proposed.

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Ontogeny and Vascularization Elucidate the Atypical Floral Structure ofAmpelocera glabra, a Tropical Species of Ulmaceae

Cited by 13 publications

References 35 publications

Anatomy solves the puzzle of explosive pollen release in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids

Anatomy solves the puzzle of explosive pollen release in wind‐pollinated urticalean rosids

Floral morphogenesis of Celtis species: implications for breeding system and reduced floral structure

Morphological diversity of glandular trichomes in Urticalean Rosids

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