Ontogeny and Hormonal Control of Polyphenoloxidase Isozymes in Tobacco Pith

Stafford, Helen A.; Galston, Arthur W.

doi:10.1104/pp.46.6.763

Cited by 51 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(28 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For general polyphenoloxidase detection, gels were stained with ABTS (2,2-azinodi-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (Vares, Kalsi & Hatakka, 1995) giving green bands. Catechol oxidase activity (EC 1;10;3;1) was tested with -DOPA (-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) (Stafford & Galston, 1970) detected as grey bands and laccases (EC 1;10;3;2;) with guaiacol (Vares et al, 1995). Stained and fixed gels were dried between filter paper (YA Kemia, 80 g m −# ) and a cellophane membrane (19-2166-01, Pharmacia, Sweden) for 2 h under vacuum at 80 mC (Model 543 gel dryer, BioRad).…”

Section: Enzyme Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of fungal and plant enzyme expression in intact Scots pine–Suillus bovinus and –Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in natural forest humus

Timonen

Sen

1998

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Isozyme expression of nutrient-mobilizing and defence-related enzymes were examined in different functional components of intact Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) ectomycorrhizal root systems developed in natural unsterilized forest humus. Scots pine seedlings colonized by Suillus bovinus (L. ex Fr.) O. Kuntze or Paxillus involutus (Batsch ex Fr.) strains were grown on humus in two-dimensional Perspex2 microcosms to allow development of complete ectomycorrhizal root systems. Soluble proteins from uncolonized short roots, whole mycorrhizal root tips or dissected mantle and core fractions, fungal strands and the outermost soil colonizing fine hyphae were subjected to native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained to detect esterase, acid phosphatase, peroxidase and different polyphenoloxidase isozyme activities. Tissue-specific esterase isozymes were detected in all components and most, including unique Hartig net isozymes, were of fungal origin. High fungal acid phosphatase activities were detected in mycorrhiza and fine hyphae of S. bovinus, supporting earlier findings of active phosphatase activity at the fungal interface in the Hartig net region and in the fine hyphal margins of extramatrical mycelium actively colonizing the humus. All compartments in the P. involutus mycorrhizosphere had weaker acid-phosphatase activities. Peroxidases formed a large part of the soluble-protein content in non-mycorrhizal short roots. The amount of peroxidases, on a tissue f. wt basis, was similar in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal roots, but differential isozyme expression was detected, indicating a change in root peroxidase activities following mycorrhiza formation. The expression of -3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine metabolizing polyphenol oxidase enzymes was reduced in mycorrhizas compared with non-mycorrhizal short roots. In the extramatrical mycelial components, fine hyphae expressed the highest polyphenoloxidase activity. P. involutus displayed some polyphenol-oxidizing isoenzymes not detected in S. bovinus systems. Laccase activity was not detected in the plant and fungal components examined. It is concluded that enzyme activities and isozyme expression are differentially regulated in the different functional components of Scots pine mycorrhizospheres.

show abstract

Section: Enzyme Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneity of fungal and plant enzyme expression in intact Scots pine–Suillus bovinus and –Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in natural forest humus

Timonen

Sen

1998

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of the other enzymes examined in this study, laccases (Sterjiades et al, 1992), and monophenol monooxygenases (Stafford & Galston, 1970 ;Gonzalez, Tames & Rodriguez, 1991) have previously been reported for several plant tissues, though not for root exudates. The phenol 2-monooxygenase reaction was common to plant tissue and root exudate.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell suspension cultures of terrestrial plants commonly exude peroxidase (Van Huystee, 1987), and sometimes laccase (Sterjiades, Dean & Eriksson, 1992), polyphenol oxidase, and ascorbic acid oxidase (Stafford & Galston, 1970) into the growth medium. However, the release of enzymes such as free soluble peroxidase by roots of differentiated plants in axenic culture has been described only for rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Lee & Lin, 1995) and creeping fescue (Festuca rubra) seedlings (Vaughan, Cheshire & Ord, 1994).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activities of oxidoreductase enzymes in tissue extracts and sterile root exudates of three crop plants, and some properties of the peroxidase component

Gramss

Rudeschko

1998

New Phytologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aqueous extracts of homogenized shoot and root tissue of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), with the exudates of sterile roots of these crop plants, were examined spectrophotometrically for the activities of 20 oxidoreductase enzymes by standard procedures. In tissue extracts and root exudates, the reactions of laccase (EC 1;10;3;2), ascorbate oxidase (EC 1;10;3;3), monophenol monooxygenase (EC 1;14;18;1), and phenol 2-monooxygenase (EC 1;14;13;7) were readily detected. Of the aromatic-ring cleavage dioxygenases, those of the meta-cleavage pathway (EC 1;13;11;2 and 1;13;11;8) could also be detected. Guaiacol peroxidase (EC 1;11;1;7) was dominant in all samples. In sterile root exudates of alfalfa, this enzyme was represented by at least seven acidic isoforms. The formation of the ligninolytic Mn$ + \malonate and Mn$ + \citrate complexes from Mn# + occurred in all tissue extracts and in root exudates of alfalfa. In root extracts of soybean (Glycine max L.), the rate of Mn$ + generation correlated (P l 0n993) with the activities of endogenous plant guaiacol peroxidase and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) supplements and also with the total phenol content in tissue extracts (P l 0n984). Plant guaiacol peroxidase and purified HRP decolorized four aromatic dyes, an activity reported to be involved in ligninolysis. Although no enzymes capable of generating H # O # as a consequence of the oxidation of simple sugars, amino acids, organic acids, and aldehydes were found, traces of peroxide were detected in tissue extracts and in the root exudate of alfalfa. It is concluded that the oxidoreductases found in plant tissues also occur in root exudates of aseptic whole plants. The significance of interrelations between oxidoreductase enzymes and enzymically generated higher-valency metal ions is discussed in the context of the oxidative conversion of phenolic compounds in soil and plant tissue.

show abstract

“…Acid phosphatase isozymes were detected according to Macko, Holnold & Stahmann (1967). Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) isozymes were tested according to Stafford & Galston (1970). Substrates for PPO were 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, catechol and L-tyrosine.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Total Soluble Proteins and in Some Enzymes during Morphogenesis of Sclerotium rolfsii

Chet¹,

Retig²,

Henis³

1972

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

S U M M A R YPatterns of soluble proteins and enzymes were studied in the normal mycelium of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii and at three stages of sclerotial formation. Significant changes in total soluble proteins were found during the morphogenetic process, as detected by gel isoelectric focusing. While no changes could be detected in acid phosphatase activity, peroxidase activity was higher in mature sclerotia than at other stages. Polyphenol oxidase activity was demonstrated with dihydroxyphenylalanine, catechol and tyrosine as substrates. While only one active isozyme of the latter enzyme was found in the mycelium, six different isozymes were detected in the mature sclerotia. Esterase isozymes, on the other hand, decreased significantly during morphogenesis.

show abstract

Ontogeny and Hormonal Control of Polyphenoloxidase Isozymes in Tobacco Pith

Cited by 51 publications

References 16 publications

Heterogeneity of fungal and plant enzyme expression in intact Scots pine–Suillus bovinus and –Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in natural forest humus

Heterogeneity of fungal and plant enzyme expression in intact Scots pine–Suillus bovinus and –Paxillus involutus mycorrhizospheres developed in natural forest humus

Activities of oxidoreductase enzymes in tissue extracts and sterile root exudates of three crop plants, and some properties of the peroxidase component

Changes in Total Soluble Proteins and in Some Enzymes during Morphogenesis of Sclerotium rolfsii

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About