Ontogeny and Control of Prolactin Receptors in the Mammary Gland and Liver of Virgin, Pregnant and Lactating Rats

Hayden, Thomas J.; Bonney, R. C.; Forsyth, Isabel A.

doi:10.1677/joe.0.0800259

Cited by 78 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Given these data and our present findings, it appears that the suppressive effect of P on PRLR expression is restricted to the pregnant state. The stimulation of PRLR expression by E 2 has previously been attributed to its indirect effect on PRL secretion from the pituitary (Sheth et al 1978, Hayden et al 1979. However, here we show that E 2 has a direct positive effect on pPRLR expression, specifically in mammary epithelial cells, during hypoprolactinemia induced by co-administered Bromo.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Tissue-specific regulation of porcine prolactin receptor expression by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin

Trott

Horigan

Gloviczki

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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Prolactin (PRL) acts through its receptor (PRLR) via both endocrine and local paracrine/autocrine pathways to regulate biological processes including reproduction and lactation. We analyzed the tissue-and stage of gestationspecific regulation of PRL and PRLR expression in various tissues of pigs. Abundance of pPRLR-long form (LF) mRNA increased in the mammary gland and endometrium during gestation while in other tissues it remained constant. There was a parallel increase in the abundance of the pPRLR-LF protein in the mammary gland and endometrium during gestation. We determined the hormonal regulation of pPRLR-LF mRNA expression in various tissues from ovariectomized, hypoprolactinemic gilts given combinations of the replacement hormones estrogen (E 2 ), progestin (P), and/or haloperidol-induced PRL. Abundance of pPRLR-LF mRNA in kidney and liver was unaffected by hormone treatments. Expression of uterine pPRLR-LF mRNA was induced by E 2 whereas the effect of E 2 was abolished by co-administering P. The expression of pPRLR-LF mRNA in the mammary gland stroma was induced by PRL, whereas E 2 induced its expression in the epithelium. In contrast to these changes in pPRLR expression, pPRL expression was relatively constant and low during gestation in all tissues except the pituitary. Taken together, these data reveal that specific combinations of E 2 , P, and PRL differentially regulate pPRLR-LF expression in the endometrium and mammary glands, and that the action of PRL on its target tissues is dependent upon pPRLR-LF abundance more so than the local PRL expression.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Tissue-specific regulation of porcine prolactin receptor expression by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin

Trott

Horigan

Gloviczki

et al. 2009

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In the mammary gland of the cycling rat, the number of PRL-R is increased by estrogen and PRL [11], but progesterone lowered the level of PRL-RL mRNA. Progesterone acts as a suppressor of the PRL-R gene expression [18,21,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Ovarian Steroids and Prlmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The withdrawal of circulating progesterone causes an increase in the number of mammary PRLRs in pregnant mice and rats [9,10]. In virgin rats, PRL binding to the mammary gland is increased by estrogen and PRL [11]. It still remains unclear whether the decrease in the number of PRL-R, observed during early pregnancy, is regulated by ovarian steroids and PRL, and whether this regulation occurs at the level of transcription.…”

Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Regulation of the Prolactin Receptor Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Early Pregnant Mouse.

et al. 1997

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Abstract. The purpose of this research was to examine the hormonal regulation of the PRL receptor (PRL-R) gene expression in the mammary gland of early pregnant mouse. Following reversetranscription, the quantity of PRL-R mRNA was determined by the competitive polymerase chain reaction. The level of long form PRL-R (PRL-RL) mRNA changed cyclically with the highest at estrus and the lowest at diestrus II. PRL-RL mRNA was maintained at high levels for the first 3 days of pregnancy but declined to lower levels on day 5. Mice ovariectomized on day 2 of pregnancy maintained the same level of PRL-RL mRNA during the 24 h-period.The level of PRL-R mRNA increased more than 2-and 2.7-fold with 17f3-estradiol and PRL, respectively, and the progesterone concentration decreased its levels to 71% of the vehicle-injected control. The increasing action with 17/3-estradiol and PRL was suppressed by administration of progesterone.Mice ovariectomized on day 3 had a 1.8-fold higher level than that of the sham-operated control. The short form of PRL-R remained at low levels throughout the experiments. The results suggested that the expression of the PRL-R gene was suppressed when serum progesterone increased during early pregnancy.

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“…These differential expression patterns of the 84 kD PRL-R in spleen and thymus suggest that regulation of PRL-R levels is tissue specific. Similarly, Hayden et al (1979) found a negative correlation between the number of PRL binding sites in the mammary gland and in the liver. They showed that the binding of '251-labeled oPRL to rat mammary gland microsomes decreased between 30 and 100 days of age; whereas, binding to liver microsome increased at these ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Prolactin receptor gene expression in rat splenocytes and thymocytes from birth to adulthood

Güneş

Mastro

1996

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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In vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin (PRL) is an immunoregulator and functions in the development of the neonatal immune system. In this study, prolactin receptor (PRL-R) expression from birth to adulthood as well as the effect of milk ingestion on the PRL-R expression were examined in splenocytes and thymocytes of neonatal rats. Three approaches were taken to measure PRL-R expression: (i) polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); (ii) antibody to PRL-R and Western blotting; (iii) antibody to PRL-R and flow cytometry. RT-PCR analysis revealed the short and long form of PRL-R mRNA in both spleen and thymus at every age tested. However, the long form of PRL-R mRNA was always more abundant than that of the short form. In addition, antipeptide antibody against the long form of PRL-R recognized 84 and 42 kD proteins in the spleen, but only the 84 kD protein in the thymus. A monoclonal antibody U6 recognized 38 and 40 kD proteins in both the spleen and thymus. Although the mRNA level of PRL-R was relatively low at birth and increased with age in both the spleen and thymus, the levels of protein bands detected with both antibodies correlated with development in the spleen; whereas the levels remained steady in the thymus. Therefore, we concluded that the expression of PRL-R at the protein level is developmentally regulated in the spleen but not in the thymus. Finally. milk ingestion in the first seven hours decreased the percentage of cells expressing cell surface PRL-R, suggesting that milk-borne PRL may have a direct effect on lymphocytes.

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Ontogeny and Control of Prolactin Receptors in the Mammary Gland and Liver of Virgin, Pregnant and Lactating Rats

Cited by 78 publications

References 16 publications

Tissue-specific regulation of porcine prolactin receptor expression by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin

Tissue-specific regulation of porcine prolactin receptor expression by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin

The Regulation of the Prolactin Receptor Gene Expression in the Mammary Gland of Early Pregnant Mouse.

Prolactin receptor gene expression in rat splenocytes and thymocytes from birth to adulthood

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