Ontogenic Profile of Hexokinase and Glucokinase mRNA Expressions in Embryonic Chicken Liver and Muscle

Roy, Tushar; Iwasawa, Atsushi; Shimizu, Yasutake; Kageyama, Koji; Yoshizaki, Norio

doi:10.2141/jpsa.0120156

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…After transport and uptake, the cellular fate of glucose begins with phosphorylation and then undergoes subsequent utilization pathways, including glycolysis, glycogen formation, or conversion to other intermediates in the hexose phosphate or hexosamine biosynthesis pathways, depending on the expression of isozymic forms of HKs 42 . Here, real-time qPCR analyses showed that both GK (also known as HK4) and HK1-3 are expressed in the muscle, corroborating a previous study in chickens 43 . In human, however, GK expression has been shown to be restricted to the pancreas and the liver 44 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

In-feed supplementation of a novel 4 th -generation phytase improves growth performance and reduces wooden breast severity in Ross 708 broilers through modulation of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism

Walk,

Mullenix,

Maynard

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New initiatives are required to meet the future grand demand for affordable, high quality, and nutritious animal-derived proteins under planetary boundaries and already limited natural resources. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a novel (4th generation) phytase supplementation as well as its mode of action on growth, meat quality, and incidence of muscle myopathies. One-day old male broilers (Ross 708, n = 720) were weighed and randomly allocated to 30 floor pens (24 birds/pen) with 10 replicate pens per treatment. Three dietary treatments were fed from hatch to d 56 of age: a 3-phase corn-soy based diet as a positive control (PC) formulated to meet or exceed all nutrient recommendations; a negative control (NC) formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous to the PC and with a 0.08 and 0.15% reduction in Ca and available P, respectively; and the NC + 2,000 phytase units (FYT) per kg of diet (NC + P). Food and water were provided ad libitum. Feed intake and body weight were recorded weekly and FCR was calculated. Blood chemistry, gas, electrolyte, and glucose were measured by iSTAT. Birds were processed and meat quality were determined. Breast tissues were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. At the conclusion of the experiment, birds fed with NC + P diet were significantly heavier and had 6- and 8-points better FCR compared to NC and PC groups, respectively. Processing data showed that phytase supplementation increased live weight, hot carcass without giblets, wings, breast, tender, and skin-on drum and thigh compared to both NC and PC birds. Macroscopic scoring showed that NC + P reduced the WB severity (P = 0.0531) compared to PC and NC groups, however there was no effect on WS incidence and meat quality parameters (pH, drip loss, L*, b*, a*). To delineate its mode of action, iSTAT showed that blood glucose concentrations were lower (P = 0.03) in NC + P compared with PC and NC groups, suggesting a better glucose uptake. In support, molecular analyses demonstrated that the breast muscle expression (mRNA and protein) of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucokinase (GK) was significantly upregulated in NC + P compared to NC and PC groups. The expression of mitochondrial ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 (MT-ATP8) was significantly upregulated in NC + P compared to other groups, indicating intracellular ATP abundance for anabolic pathways. This was confirmed by the reduced level of phosphorylated-AMPKα1/2 at Thr172 site, upregulation of glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene and activation of mTOR-P70S6K pathway. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that in-feed supplementation of the novel phytase improves growth performance and reduces WB severity potentially through enhancement of glucose uptake, glycolysis, and intracellular ATP production, which used for muscle glycogenesis and protein synthesis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

In-feed supplementation of a novel 4 th -generation phytase improves growth performance and reduces wooden breast severity in Ross 708 broilers through modulation of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism

Walk,

Mullenix,

Maynard

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…After transport and uptake, the cellular fate of glucose begins with phosphorylation and then undergoes subsequent utilization pathways, including glycolysis, glycogen formation, or conversion to other intermediates in the hexose phosphate or hexosamine biosynthesis pathways, depending on the expression of isozymic forms of HKs (Bouche et al, 2004). Here, real-time qPCR analyses showed that both GK (also known as HK4) and HK1-3 are expressed in the muscle, corroborating a previous study in chickens (Roy et al, 2013). In human, however, GK expression has been shown to be restricted to the pancreas and the liver (Matschinsky, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Novel 4th-generation phytase improves broiler growth performance and reduces woody breast severity through modulation of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism

Walk,

Mullenix,

Maynard

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a novel (4th generation) phytase supplementation as well as its mode of action on growth, meat quality, and incidence of muscle myopathies. One-day old male broilers (n = 720) were weighed and randomly allocated to 30 floor pens (24 birds/pen) with 10 replicate pens per treatment. Three diets were fed from hatch to 56- days-old: a 3-phase corn-soy based diet as a positive control (PC); a negative control (NC) formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous to the PC and with a reduction in Ca and available P, respectively; and the NC supplemented with 2,000 phytase units per kg of diet (NC + P). At the conclusion of the experiment, birds fed with NC + P diet were significantly heavier and had 2.1- and 4.2-points better feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to birds offered NC and PC diets, respectively. Processing data showed that phytase supplementation increased live weight, hot carcass without giblets, wings, tender, and skin-on drum and thigh compared to both NC and PC diets. Macroscopic scoring showed that birds fed the NC + P diet had lower woody breast (WB) severity compared to those fed the PC and NC diets, however there was no effect on white striping (WS) incidence and meat quality parameters (pH, drip loss, meat color). To delineate its mode of action, iSTAT showed that blood glucose concentrations were significantly lower in birds fed NC + P diet compared to those offered PC and NC diets, suggesting a better glucose uptake. In support, molecular analyses demonstrated that the breast muscle expression (mRNA and protein) of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucokinase (GK) was significantly upregulated in birds fed NC + P diet compared to those fed the NC and PC diets. The expression of mitochondrial ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 (MT-ATP8) was significantly upregulated in NC + P compared to other groups, indicating intracellular ATP abundance for anabolic pathways. This was confirmed by the reduced level of phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1/2) at Thr172 site, upregulation of glycogen synthase (GYS1) gene and activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (mTOR-P70S6K) pathway. In conclusion, this is the first report showing that in-feed supplementation of the novel phytase improves growth performance and reduces WB severity in broilers potentially through enhancement of glucose uptake, glycolysis, and intracellular ATP production, which used for muscle glycogenesis and protein synthesis.

show abstract

“…Yadgary and Uni [87] studied chick embryos after E11 and found that gluconeogenesis enzymes (glucose-6phosphatase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) mRNAs were expressed in the liver by E13; Roy et al [88] reported that mRNAs for glycolytic enzymes were expressed by E11. These enzyme gene expressions varied throughout the subsequent incubation period.…”

Section: The Yolk Sac As a Metabolic Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Yolk Sac’s Essential Role in Embryonic Development

Shibata,

Makihara,

Iwasawa

2023

RAS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The yolk sac is a pouch that envelopes the yolk. In birds and reptiles, it is a large extraembryonic membrane throughout the embryonic period. It supports all stages of embryonic development by supplying the embryo with nutrients stored in the yolk. The yolk is absorbed by the embryo before it hatches, so that in birds, for example, it cannot be observed unless the egg is artificially cracked. In many mammalian species, the yolk sac is a temporary structure, which in humans, for example, regresses by about 15 weeks of gestation. For these reasons, the yolk sac may be considered a mere nutrient-filled sac in birds and an empty, vestigial sac in mammals and has been received less attention than other organs such as the placenta and liver. However, the yolk sac plays a crucial role in development as an extraembryonic organ that absorbs, metabolizes and distributes nutrients essential for embryonic development, contributes to early hematopoiesis and secretes proteins and growth factors necessary for embryonic growth. In this review, we summarize the studies to date and provide perspective on the function of the yolk sac, mainly focusing on avian and mammalian species.

show abstract

Ontogenic Profile of Hexokinase and Glucokinase mRNA Expressions in Embryonic Chicken Liver and Muscle

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

In-feed supplementation of a novel 4 th -generation phytase improves growth performance and reduces wooden breast severity in Ross 708 broilers through modulation of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism

In-feed supplementation of a novel 4 th -generation phytase improves growth performance and reduces wooden breast severity in Ross 708 broilers through modulation of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism

Novel 4th-generation phytase improves broiler growth performance and reduces woody breast severity through modulation of muscle glucose uptake and metabolism

The Yolk Sac’s Essential Role in Embryonic Development

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About