“…However, little is known about the effect of salinity stress on gill NKA in C. managuense . The RNA/DNA ratio is a key indicator related to the health and nutritional condition in aquatic animals (Diaz, Gómez, Sánchez, & Fuentes, 2018; Park, Gil, Kim, Park, & Oh, 2017; Suthers, Cleary, Battaglene, & Evans, 1996). Cortisol is a key hormone in teleost involving ion balance regulation, osmoregulation, metabolism, growth, stress and immune function (McCormick, 2001).…”