Ontogenetic approaches to sexual dimorphism in anthropoids

Shea, Brian T.

doi:10.1007/bf02437489

Cited by 144 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In Gould (1975), ontogenetic scaring is exemplified by the large human brain achieved by a prolonged fetal curve with a high slope, and does not require entire sharing of common growth trajectory. Ontogenetic scaling in the recent usage of cranial sexual dimorphism is widely observed among various primate species (e.g., Corner and Richtsmeier, 1991, 1993Leigh and Cheverud, 1991;Leutenegger and Masterson, 1989;Masterson andLeutenegger, 1990, 1992;Ravosa, 1991aRavosa, , 1992Ravosa and Ross, 1994;Shea, 1985cShea, , 1986Shea, , 1988Swindler et al, 1973) including M. fascicularis (Ravosa, 1991a;Richtsmeier and Cheverud, Fig. 2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Multivariate Cranial Ontogenetic Allometries in Crab-eating, Rhesus and Japanese Macaques.

Mouri

1996

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In craniofacial morphology, however, the variation among the species of the fascicularis group is not so small (Albrecht, 1978). (Shea, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Cranial Ontogenetic Allometries in Crab-eating, Rhesus and Japanese Macaques.

Mouri

1996

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“…The Pinnipedia contain some of the most spectacular examples of sexual size dimorphism, which are frequently used to illustrate the theory of sexual selection (Lindernfors et al, 2002). Shape differences between adult males and females result from the extension of relative growth (shape change) in the smaller females to larger overall size in males (Shea, 1986). In most pinnipeds, females reach the reproductive age much earlier than males, devoting a lot of energy to their offspring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and skull development in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann, 1783) (Carnivora: Otariidae), from Rio Grande do Sul coast, Brazil.

Molina-Schiller¹,

Pinedo²

2004

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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-Skulls of 157 Arctocephalus australis (94 males and 63 females) from animals stranded dead on the Rio Grande do Sul coast from Torres to Barra do Arroio Chuí between July 1977 and September 1997 were examined. These were analyzed to explore aspects of the cranial development. The growth layers groups (GLGs) in the dentine and cementum from upper canine teeth were counted. The oldest male and female were 14 and 18 years of age, respectively. Parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation suggest that males and females attain physical maturity at about the eight and six years of age, respectively. Hotelling T 2 test and discriminant functions using metric characters showed sexual dimorphism in physically mature and immatures skulls. The developmental classes were also examined using non-metric characters, but no sexual dimorphism was observed using these variables. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation between physically mature skulls of males and females. The first factor explained 80.2 % of the total variation and the second factor explained 4.6% of the observed variability.Resumen -Fueron examinados 157 cráneos de Arctocephalus australis (94 machos y 63 hembras) provenientes de animales muertos en la costa de Río Grande do Sul, desde Torres hasta la Barra do Arroio Chuí entre Julio 1977 a Septiembre 1997. Estos cráneos fueron analizados para explorar el desarrollo craniano. En dientes caninos superiores fueron contados los grupos de capas de crecimiento (GLGs) en la dentina y cemento. El macho y hembra de mayor edad fue de 14 años y 18 años, respectivamente. Parámetros de la ecuación de von Bertalanffy sugieren que los machos y hembras alcanzarían la madurez física aproximadamente a los ocho y seis años de edad, respectivamente. Análisis de test Hotelling T 2 y funciones discriminantes utilizando los caracteres métricos mostraron dimorfismo sexual en cráneos físicamente maduros y físicamente inmaduros. Las clases de desarrollo también fueron examinadas usando caracteres no-métricos, pero el dimorfismo sexual no fue observado usando estas variables. El análisis de componentes principales (PCA) mostró una clara separación entre cráneos de machos y hembras físicamente maduros. El primer factor explico 80.2% de la variación total y el segundo factor explico 4.6% de la variabilidad observada.

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“…However, there are other factors including developmental, phylogenetic, and genetic constraints, natural selection, and epiphenomenal factors that can influence the expression of dimorphism in species (Crook, 1972;Clutton-Brock et al, 1977;Leutenegger and Kelly, 1977;Harvey et al, 1978;Cheverud, 1982, 1985;Gaulin and Sailer, 1984;Cheverud et al, 1985;CluttonBrock, 1985;Gautier-Hion and Gautier, 1985;Leutenegger and Lubach, 1987;Shea, 1986;Oxnard, 1987;Kay et al, 1988;Ely and Kurland, 1989;Kappeler, 1990Kappeler, , 1991Kappeler, , 1996Greenfield, 1992aGreenfield, ,b, 1996Leigh, 1992Leigh, , 1995aPlavcan and van Schaik, 1992, 1997bFord, 1994;Martin et al, 1994;Hayes et al, 1995;Leigh and Shea, 1995;Mitani et al, 1996;Plavcan, 1998Plavcan, , 1999. The relative importance of these factors to the expression of dimorphism among primates has been at times a topic of heated debate.…”

Section: Sexual Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, sexual dimorphism in adults is necessarily a product of different male and female growth trajectories. Shea (1986) pointed out that males can get larger than females either by extending a common growth trajectory and maturing later than females ("time hypermorphosis" or "bimaturism"), or by growing faster than females in a given period of time ("rate hypermorphosis"). Likewise, dimorphism can be produced if females mature earlier than males, or grow more slowly.…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution

Plavcan

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

362

191

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Sexual dimorphism is a pervasive phenomenon among anthropoid primates. Comparative analyses over the past 30 years have greatly expanded our understanding of both variation in the expression of dimorphism among primates, and the underlying causes of sexual dimorphism. Dimorphism in body mass and canine tooth size is familiar, as is pelage and "sex skin" dimorphism. More recent analyses are documenting subtle differences in the pattern of skeletal dimorphism among primates. Comparative analyses have corroborated the sexual selection hypotheses, and have provided a more detailed understanding of the relationship between sexual selection, natural selection, and mating systems in primates. A clearer picture is emerging of the relative contribution of various selective and nonselective mechanisms in the evolution and expression of dimorphism. Most importantly, recent studies have shown that dimorphism is the product of changes in both male and female traits. Developmental studies demonstrate the variety of ontogenetic pathways that can lead to dimorphism, and provide additional insight into the selective mechanisms that influence dimorphism throughout the lifetime of an animal. Evidence from the fossil record suggests that dimorphism probably evolved in parallel twice, and the dimorphism in some extinct hominoids probably exceeded that of any living primate. Our advances in understanding the behavioral/ecological correlates of dimorphism in living primates have not improved our ability to reconstruct social systems in extinct species on the basis of dimorphism alone, beyond the inference of polygyny or intense male-male competition. However, our understanding of the behavioral/ecological correlates of growth and development, and of the expression of dimorphism as a function of separate changes in male and female traits, offers great potential for inferring evolutionary changes in behavior over time

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Ontogenetic approaches to sexual dimorphism in anthropoids

Cited by 144 publications

References 37 publications

Multivariate Cranial Ontogenetic Allometries in Crab-eating, Rhesus and Japanese Macaques.

Multivariate Cranial Ontogenetic Allometries in Crab-eating, Rhesus and Japanese Macaques.

Growth and skull development in the South American fur seal, Arctocephalus australis (Zimmermann, 1783) (Carnivora: Otariidae), from Rio Grande do Sul coast, Brazil.

Sexual dimorphism in primate evolution

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