Ontogenesis of Villi and Fetal Vessels in the Human Placenta

Challier, Jean-Claude; Vervelle, C; Uzan, Serge

doi:10.1159/000053914

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…In addition, SPINT1-related HGF activators (i.e., HGFAC and ST14), HGF, and MET are present in the chorionic villous tree of human fullterm placenta [5,[34][35][36] (Fig. 5), and villous differentiation associated with angiogenesis persists, even at term [37,38]. The HGF stimulates the branching morphogenesis of human villous CTB [39,40] and human placental angiogenesis [40].…”

Section: Structural Integrity Of the Cytotrophoblast Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytotrophoblast Layer of Human Chorionic Villi Becomes Thinner but Maintains Its Structural Integrity During Gestation1

Mori

Ishikawa

Luo

et al. 2007

Biology of Reproduction

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Chorionic villi in the human placenta serve as essential structures in fetomaternal exchanges. According to the embryology and placentology literature, during the first trimester, the cytotrophoblast (CTB) layer that is subjacent to the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) and supported by a basal lamina is nearly complete, but later, it becomes discontinuous. In the present study, we investigated the structural integrity of the CTB layer in the normal villous tree by advanced microscopy techniques using an antibody to hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) activator inhibitor type 1 (SPINT1), a potent inhibitor of HGF activators expressed exclusively on villous CTB. In full-term placenta, the cell surface of the CTB layer was spread over the basal lamina but was not interrupted. Morphometric analysis showed that throughout the villous tree, 80% of the continuity of the CTB layer of full-term placenta and 90% of that of first-trimester placenta were preserved. Gestation was accompanied by unique structural change in the basal domain of the trophoblast layer. The initially cuboidal-shaped CTB cells were transformed to flat cells with many cellular processes that, together with those of the adjacent STB, eventually covered the trophoblast basal lamina in a complex network of interdigitations. In addition, the expression levels of SPINT1, ST14, HGF, and MET mRNAs in the villous tree increased over the course of gestation. These results suggest that the structural integrity of the SPINT1-positive CTB layer may play an important role in villous differentiation and in maintenance of the villous tree via the HGF signaling system during gestation.

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Section: Structural Integrity Of the Cytotrophoblast Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cytotrophoblast Layer of Human Chorionic Villi Becomes Thinner but Maintains Its Structural Integrity During Gestation1

Mori

Ishikawa

Luo

et al. 2007

Biology of Reproduction

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“…Moreover, angiogenic, placental and vascular endothelial growth factors, which are produced by the placenta have been shown to improve the growth of melanoma cells in culture and may facilitate in the adhesion, survival and invasion of neoplastic cells [22,[37][38][39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous regression of transplacental metastases from maternal melanoma in a newborn: case report and review of the literature

Menada

Moioli²,

Garaventa³

et al. 2010

Melanoma Research

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We describe a rare case of transplacental-transmitted maternal melanoma to the placenta and foetus during the second pregnancy of a 28-year-old woman. She was aware of a greyish-brown nodular lesion on the right gluteus during her first pregnancy. On histological examination, this lesion resulted to be an amelanocitic melanoma. Breast metastases occurred during her second pregnancy, 18 months after the surgical excision; an emergency Caesarean section performed for the recrudement of her clinical conditions confirmed widespread metastases to the liver, spleen and peritoneum. The patient died 2 weeks after delivery. The newborn, at 3 months of age, presented metastases secondary to maternal melanoma, which were resistant to chemotherapy. The disease regressed spontaneously and the child is now 24 months, alive in complete remission.

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“…The trophoblastic shell [7,[29][30][31] and the fetal vessels [32][33][34][35][36] were the most studied components of this organ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compensatory morphological changes in placental villi associated to altered oxygenation may show also hyper-or hypocapillarisation [36] as well as structural alterations of the basement membranes, as it occurs in diabetic women [55]. Therefore, an interesting topic, which deserves further studies, is the role of angiogenic factors in the development of the most frequent placental pathologies [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3-D Ultrastructural Distribution of Collagen in Human Placental Villi at Term in Relation to Vascular Tree

Vizza

Correr

Barberini

et al. 2005

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. In order to understand the 3-D distribution of collagen in relation to vascularization, chorionic villi of human placentae, belonging to normal pregnancies at term, were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after alkali maceration techniques, and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The villous tree appeared made of an uninterrupted structure of collagen fibres. The collagen fibres connected the chorionic villi axis with their basal plates and organised differently according to the various levels of villous branching. The collagen of stem villi showed copious fibres. The external fibres (facing the villous surface) were arranged mainly longitudinally. The central core of the villi (inner fibres) were arranged concentrically around the wall of the fetal vessels. Both external and internal fibres formed stratified lamellae or small parallel bundles. The inner core of stem villi showed small holes housing capillary spaces. Mature intermediate and terminal villi showed a scarce amount of collagen arranged in thin concentric layer within the villous core, surrounding numerous dilated capillary and sinusoid spaces.These observations demonstrated that the extracellular matrix of human chorionic villi is highly compartmentalised and shows a variable structural 3-D distribution depending on the branching level of the villous tree, such a distribution ensures the most favourable microenvironment for feto-maternal exchanges and it is likely able to provide a modulated support to the developing chorionic fetal vessels and trophoblastic layer as well. Key words: Placenta, Chorionic villi, Extracellular matrix, Collagen, Angiogenesis, Human (J. Reprod. Dev. 51: [433][434][435][436][437][438][439][440][441][442][443] 2005) he main function of the placenta is to support an adequate feto-maternal blood exchange during pregnancy, indeed an adequate nutrient and oxygen supply is essential for normal d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e e m b r y o [ 1 ] . F r o m a morphological point of view, human placenta consists of the chorionic plate (fetal surface of placenta), the villous trees and the basal plate (maternal surface of placenta) [2][3][4][5]. The villous tree includes stem villi, emerging from the chorionic plate into the intervillous space. From the stem villi arise free villi and anchoring villi. The latter give rise to smaller intermediate and terminal villi that contain enlarged capillary loops and are responsible of the physiological exchange between maternal and fetal blood [1]. The villous stroma of This paper is dedicated to the memory of Prof. P. M. Motta.

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Ontogenesis of Villi and Fetal Vessels in the Human Placenta

Cited by 18 publications

References 73 publications

The Cytotrophoblast Layer of Human Chorionic Villi Becomes Thinner but Maintains Its Structural Integrity During Gestation1

The Cytotrophoblast Layer of Human Chorionic Villi Becomes Thinner but Maintains Its Structural Integrity During Gestation1

Spontaneous regression of transplacental metastases from maternal melanoma in a newborn: case report and review of the literature

3-D Ultrastructural Distribution of Collagen in Human Placental Villi at Term in Relation to Vascular Tree

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