Ontogenesis of the Mite<i>Varroa Jacobsoni</i>in Worker and Drone Honeybee Brood Cells

Ifantidis, Michael D.

doi:10.1080/00218839.1983.11100588

Cited by 121 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, the reference genes cannot statistically account for the association of immune gene expression and mite reproduction at specific time points. These time-specific patterns are intriguing because they suggest an early role for PPOAct, which may be explained by the wound-healing effect of prophenoloxidases that may delay sufficient feeding during the initiation of the feeding site by the foundress (Ifantidis, 1983;Steiner et al, 1994). The expression of the peptidoglycan recognition gene PGRP-S1 was also negatively correlated with mite reproduction at 72 HPC and may be explained by a possible activation of PPOAct by PGRP-S1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In contrast, higher expression in the mite-infected groups than the control groups was apparent in at least two time points for defensin, hymenoptaecin and relish, and at 72 HPC for abaecin, although not all group differences were significant. The 72 HPC time point is particularly relevant because it coincides with the initiation of mite reproduction (Ifantidis, 1983). In 17 of the 45 studied cases, no significant effect of the different treatments was detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shortly after the cell is capped, the female mite wounds the larva and establishes a feeding site that is shared with all subsequent offspring. Within the first 72 h post-capping (HPC), when the host undergoes its final pre-pupal molt, the V. destructor female deposits the first, male egg near the top of the cell (Ifantidis, 1983;Martin, 1994). Subsequently, the female mite deposits diploid eggs that develop into daughters approximately every 30 h. Mating occurs among siblings before emergence of all female mites from the brood cell with their adult host at the end of the bee's developmental period (Martin, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogene and viral transcript dynamics during parasitic Varroa destructor mite infection of developing honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupae

Kuster

Boncristiani

Rueppell

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The ectoparasitic Varroa destructor mite is a major contributor to the ongoing honey bee health crisis. Varroa interacts with honey bee viruses, exacerbating their pathogenicity. In addition to vectoring viruses, immunosuppression of the developing honey bee hosts by Varroa has been proposed to explain the synergy between viruses and mites. However, the evidence for honey bee immune suppression by V. destructor is contentious. We systematically studied the quantitative effects of experimentally introduced V. destructor mites on immune gene expression at five specific time points during the development of the honey bee hosts. Mites reproduced normally and were associated with increased titers of deformed wing virus in the developing bees. Our data on different immune genes show little evidence for immunosuppression of honey bees by V. destructor. Experimental wounding of developing bees increases relative immune gene expression and deformed wing virus titers. Combined, these results suggest that mite feeding activity itself and not immunosuppression may contribute to the synergy between viruses and mites. However, our results also suggest that increased expression of honey bee immune genes decreases mite reproductive success, which may be explored to enhance mite control strategies. Finally, our expression data for multiple immune genes across developmental time and different experimental treatments indicates co-regulation of several of these genes and thus improves our understanding of the understudied honey bee immune system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunogene and viral transcript dynamics during parasitic Varroa destructor mite infection of developing honey bee (Apis mellifera) pupae

Kuster

Boncristiani

Rueppell

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…capping, the first egg is laid (Ifantidis 1983) and the mites produce offspring, which will engage in brother-sister mating in fecal accumulation site (Donze et al 1996), while the cell is still capped.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varroa-specific hygienic behavior of Apis mellifera scutellata in Kenya

et al. 2018

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-Varroa -specific hygienic behavior is a hereditary trait of honey bee (Apis mellifera ), which supports resistance to Varroa destructor . This study investigated the response of Apis mellifera scutellata to Varroa -infested worker brood cells in Kenya, East Africa. Uncapping, removal of the brood, and disappearance of the introduced mite were recorded in a total of 690 cells into which live mites were introduced. We recorded a high proportion of untouched cells in controls (median, 80%) compared to manipulated cells in which mites had been introduced (median, 12.5%) with a significant difference (GLMM, p < 0.001). Mites were removed and cells were recapped in about 26% of the artificially infested brood cells. When ten, eight, and five mites were singly introduced in closely neighboring brood cells, hygienic bees were more responsive in the high mite density regime of eight and ten mites, an indication of a possibility that chemicals play a role in identification of Varroa -infested brood cells.Apis mellifera scutellata / artificially infested brood cells / Varroa -specific hygienic behavior

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“…Reproduction of the ectoparasitic bee mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud on the European honey bee Apis mellifera L may be affected by several factors including, mite infertility resulting from unknown causes (Ifantidis, 1983; Kulin&jadnr;evi&jadnr;et al, 1988;Fuchs, 1994), duration of the bee development period (Ifantidis, 1983(Ifantidis, , 1984Rehm and Ritter 1989), lack of access by female mites to adult bees before invasion of brood cells (Beetsma and Zonneveld, 1992) and the bee stage present when female mites enter brood cells to begin reproduction (Steiner et al, 1994). However, even though these and other factors may reduce a female mites' reproductive potential, none have been reported to result in total non-reproduction of all female mites in an individual bee colony or in groups of bee colonies from a particular locality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%