Ontogenesis of the electroretinogram in a precocial mammal, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

Huang, John; Wyse, J. P. H.; Spira, Arthur W.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(90)90024-m

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our results are in accord with previous studies reporting the postnatal maturation of retinal function in other precocial animals, such as human [25][26][27][28][29]41], primates [18], lamb [23], sheep [24], chicken [16,17] and guinea pigs [32,33], where the neural differentiation and establishment of synaptic connections within the retina occur mostly in utero [15,18,[42][43][44], explaining the almost adult-like ERG at birth [16,17,24,25,27,32,33,44]. This is however in sharp contrast with reports demonstrating a significant maturation of the retinal signal in altricial animals, such as rodents [8,45,46], rabbits [9][10][11]47], cats [1,2] and dogs [3,4] where a significant maturation of the retina takes place after birth and the first ERG manifestation is usually obtained at eye opening (normally during the second week of life).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

“…This is however in sharp contrast with reports demonstrating a significant maturation of the retinal signal in altricial animals, such as rodents [8,45,46], rabbits [9][10][11]47], cats [1,2] and dogs [3,4] where a significant maturation of the retina takes place after birth and the first ERG manifestation is usually obtained at eye opening (normally during the second week of life). However, notwithstanding the fact that guinea pigs are born with an ERG response of adult-like morphology [32,33,44,48], all its components (e.g. a-and b-waves and OPs) do nonetheless show age-dependent amplitude and peak time changes suggestive of a maturation process, albeit not as marked as in altricial animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Structural and functional maturation of the retina of the albino Hartley guinea pig

2007

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Structural and functional maturation of the retina of the albino Hartley guinea pig

2007

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“…In contrast, altricial species such as rats and dogs have the greater part of retinal development occurring after birth (33). As a consequence of these differences in retinogenesis, the development of retinal function has been reported as more similar in man and guinea pigs than it is in rats (34)(35)(36). Therefore, the effects that neonatal dietary manipulations have on function may be expected to vary between species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Mammalian species vary in their retinal development, where growth can be classified as prenatal, perinatal, or postnatal with respect to the major retinal growth spurt. Precocial mammals such as humans, primates and guinea pigs have both pre-and postnatal retinal growth spurts (33,34). In contrast, altricial species such as rats and dogs have the greater part of retinal development occurring after birth (33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effects of dietary α‐linolenic acid compared with docosahexaenoic acid on brain, retina, liver, and heart in the guinea pig

Abedin

Lien²,

Vingrys

et al. 1999

Lipids

114

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The aim of this study was to compare two different strategies to elevate brain, retina, liver, and heart docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in guinea pigs. First, we used an increasing dose of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) relative to a constant linoleic acid (LA) intake, and second, we used two levels of dietary DHA provided in conjunction with dietary arachidonic acid (AA). The percentage DHA and AA of total phospholipids in retina, liver, and heart, and in the brain phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine was studied in female pigmented guinea pigs (3 wk old) fed one of five semisynthetic diets containing 10% (w/w) lipid for 12 wk. The LA content in the diets was constant (17% of total fatty acids), with the ALA content varying from 0.05% (diet SFO), to 1% (diet Mix), and to 7% (diet CNO). Two other diets (LCP1 and LCP3) had a constant LA/ALA ratio (17.5:1) but varied in the levels of dietary AA and DHA supplementation. Diet LCP1 was structured to closely replicate the principal long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) found in human breast milk and contained 0.9% AA and 0.6% DHA (% of total fatty acids) whereas diet LCP3 contained 2.7% AA and 1.8% DHA. At the end of the study, animals were sacrificed and tissues taken for fatty acid analyses. We found no significant effects of diets on the growth of guinea pigs. Diets containing ALA had profoundly different effects on tissue fatty acid compositions compared with diets which contained the long chain PUFA (DHA and AA). In the retina and brain phospholipids, high-ALA diets or dietary DHA supplementation produced moderate relative increases in DHA levels. There was no change in retinal or brain AA proportions following dietary AA supplementation, even at the highest level. This was in contrast to liver and heart where tissue DHA proportions were low and AA predominated. In these latter tissues, dietary ALA had little effect on tissue DHA proportions although the proportion of AA was slightly depressed at the highest dietary ALA intake, but dietary DHA and AA supplements led to large increases (up to 10-fold) in the proportions of these PUFA. Tissue uptake of dietary AA and DHA appeared maximal for the LCP1 diet (replicate of breast milk) in the heart. There were no significant changes in the plasma levels of 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 (a thromboxane A2 metabolite) for any diet. The data confirm that dietary ALA is less effective than dietary DHA supplementation (on a gram/gram basis) in increasing tissue DHA levels and that tissues vary greatly in their response to exogenous AA and DHA, with the levels of these long chain metabolites being most resistant to change in the retina and brain compared with liver and heart. Dietary DHA markedly increased tissue DHA proportions in both liver and heart, whereas the major effect of dietary AA was in the liver. Future studies of the effects of dietary DHA and AA supplementation should examine a variety of tissues rather than focusing only on neural tissue.

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“…There is substantial growth and differentiation of retinal cells in utero in both monkeys and guinea pigs (53,91), and mothers were fed the same n-3-deficient diets in studies using both species. The structure of the monkey retina is quite different from that of rats and guinea pigs.…”

Section: The Effect Of Dha Deficiency On Retinal Function In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of docosahexaenoic acid in retinal function

Jeffrey

Weisinger

Neuringer

et al. 2001

Lipids

152

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An important role for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) within the retina is suggested by its high levels and active conservation in this tissue. Animals raised on n-3-deficient diets have large reductions in retinal DHA levels that are associated with altered retinal function as assessed by the electroretinogram (ERG). Despite two decades of research in this field, little is known about the mechanisms underlying altered retinal function in n-3-deficient animals. The focus of this review is on recent research that has sought to elucidate the role of DHA in retinal function, particularly within the rod photoreceptor outer segments where DHA is found at its highest concentration. An overview is also given of human infant studies that have examined whether a neonatal dietary supply of DHA is required for the normal development of retinal function.

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Ontogenesis of the electroretinogram in a precocial mammal, the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus)

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Structural and functional maturation of the retina of the albino Hartley guinea pig

Structural and functional maturation of the retina of the albino Hartley guinea pig

The effects of dietary α‐linolenic acid compared with docosahexaenoic acid on brain, retina, liver, and heart in the guinea pig

The role of docosahexaenoic acid in retinal function

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