Onshore Wind Farm Development: Technologies and Layouts

Haces-Fernandez, Francisco; Cruz-Mendoza, Mariee; Li, Hua

doi:10.3390/en15072381

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 164 publications

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“…However, these tactics cannot be employed simultaneously. Ongoing research into wind energy system optimization and intelligent control should enhance WT control in future IPC tests [16]; [32]; [54].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Advanced Wind Turbine Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbines Control Trends and Challenges: An Overview

Almihat

Kahn

2022

ijirss

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Wind turbines (WTs) create electricity by utilizing the energy of the wind. As a result, wind turbine control and cost-effective operation were studied. The control system offers a long service life, maximum energy output, and safety. On control methods and control strategies, various ways for limiting and optimizing energy consumption were discussed. Integration of wind power may compromise the stability of the transient system. Asynchronous induction generators cannot handle the quantity of reactive power generated in wind energy applications. WTs are usually constructed to withstand inclement weather but not for high speeds or torque. Strong aerodynamic torques or rotational speeds are capable of destroying WT blades. To prevent this, WTs always have a cutout speed over which the turbine will be stopped by its brakes. When excessive wind speeds endanger the safety of the turbines, the WT employs a range of control techniques. As a result, all WTs are constructed using a power control method. This can regulate pitch and stall. Passive or active stall control can be applied to the WT. Therefore, this study analyzed the associated technologies, the maintenance of wind turbines, the cost, the many types of wind turbine controllers, and the negative effects and roadblocks unique to the wind energy industry.

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Section: Evaluation Of Advanced Wind Turbine Controllermentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Turbines Control Trends and Challenges: An Overview

Almihat

Kahn

2022

ijirss

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“…Moreover, from the global sustainability standpoint, the relevance of incentivizing the continuous growth of wind energy cannot be overstated. Renewable energy is a critical component of global projections to significantly reduce humanity's carbon footprint (Barthelmie and Pryor 2021;Haces-Fernandez et al 2022). Wind energy has the advantage of being commercially viable and financially successful, efficiently competing with traditional hydrocarbon fuels.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Financial Benefits from Wind Farms in US Rural Locations

Haces-Fernandez

2022

JRFM

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Rural locations provide limited economic opportunities, mainly relying on agricultural activities, with scarce industrial or commercial investment and employment. This has led to higher risks related to poverty, with a lack of opportunities for education, healthcare, and general services leading to rural migration. On the other hand, wind energy is growing exponentially in the United States (US). Rural locations offer very good siting options for wind farms considering the ever-growing size of their equipment and significant required area. Therefore, wind farms may provide financial opportunities to local rural communities, reducing poverty risks and improving living standards. These financial benefits include rental income for landowners, additional tax collection for public service funding, increased income for school districts, and overall larger local investments. However, the available data are too coarse, broad, and unconnected, not allowing local communities, wind developers, and stakeholders a clear panoramic of the benefits that each individual location, school district, or landowner may receive. This research compiled dispersed big data for its integration into a large Geographic Information System (GIS). This system is capable of performing analysis to provide a much better understanding of the actual benefits that the wind industry provides to each individual rural stakeholder. Data were converted to geospatial layers, when required, to allow for a fuller comprehension of all factors impacting financial benefits and risks from the wind industry. Analyses were expanded to evaluate the lease financial benefits for landowners in Texas, applying the data provided by local and state agencies. The approach developed in this research will allow for its application in diverse geographical locations to explore additional financial benefits that each individual rural stakeholder may receive from the wind industry. This will allow local authorities, landowners, wind developers, and communities to better negotiate for the future expansion of wind energy, providing all parties involved with significant benefits and allowing the continuous growth of renewable energy to overcome the damaging effects from climate change.

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“…Therefore, the expansion of EVCSs at the national level is a complex undertaking, requiring the deployment of novel and diverse infrastructure network to support and promote EV growth [14,16,21]. Incentives and investments from federal, state and local governments will play a critical role in promoting this scheme, with the goal of establishing half a million EVCSs in the near future [22][23][24]. This will allow EV owners to have accessible and adequate charging capacity at home and on the road, with reasonable charging times [25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Assessment Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Development in the United States as an Ancillary Service

Haces-Fernandez

2023

Energies

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Promoting the accelerated adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the United States (US) is one of the main strategies for reducing risk related to climate change. However, the lack of public charging stations (EVCSs) in the US has been identified as a grave obstacle to EV market penetration. The US Federal Government is providing extensive financial incentives to promote EVCSs. This allows diverse businesses to offer EV charging as an ancillary service, without the risks associated with traditional fuel facilities. Locations offering these novel services will reduce their financial operational risks, increase customer traffic and receive additional revenue. However, selecting unsuitable equipment for particular business segments and locations creates a severe risk of underuse and disrepair, leading to the potential failure of these new projects. Furthermore, these unsuccessful EVCSs exacerbate consumer reluctance to EV adoption and foster social opposition to this new technology. This study provides stakeholders with a framework for the optimal placement of EVCSs to maximize their successful deployment and incentivize continuous growth in the EV market. It identifies risk factors related to the placement and operation of EVCSs, aiding in optimal equipment selection for each location. Results from this study highlight EVCS location trends based on location and type of business, with the potential for some retrofitting projects. This framework provides relevant geospatial results for business owners, policy makers, consumers and other stakeholders in the adequacy of new charging infrastructure.

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Onshore Wind Farm Development: Technologies and Layouts

Cited by 15 publications

References 164 publications

Wind Turbines Control Trends and Challenges: An Overview

Wind Turbines Control Trends and Challenges: An Overview

Assessment of the Financial Benefits from Wind Farms in US Rural Locations

Risk Assessment Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Development in the United States as an Ancillary Service

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