Onset of obesity in a 36 year birth cohort study.

Braddon, Fem; Rodgers, Bryan; Wadsworth, Michael; Davies, J. M. C.

doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6542.299

Cited by 257 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Age at adiposity rebound is unlikely to be associated with diet [14][15], and that is confirmed by our study, since our sample had a very low incidence of childhood obesity [16] as postwartime food rationing was in place until they were 8 years old. Food rationing will also have reduced differences related to socio-economic status in maternal and childhood diets, compared with those differences in subjects born at other times [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Early growth and type 2 diabetes: evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort

et al. 2005

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Aims/hypothesis: We assessed whether low birthweight or early adiposity rebound was more strongly associated with type 2 diabetes, and whether any effect of low birthweight or early adiposity rebound was explained by adult BMI, adult height, social class of subject or of his/her father, or maternal or paternal diabetes. Methods: Cox's proportional hazard models were used on data from the National Birth Cohort Study (the MRC National Survey of Health and Development), which was begun in 1946 and had self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes with age at onset ranging from 31 to 53 years (n=78 cases, and n=47 cases in the multivariate analysis) as the outcome. Results: A U-shaped association between birthweight and type 2 diabetes rates was close to statistical significance (quadratic term p value=0.08). Younger age at adiposity rebound was associated with increased rates of type 2 diabetes (test for trend p=0.002), the association being robust to adjustment for each of sex, birthweight, weight at 2 years, father's social class, parental diabetes, and own social class. The effect of early adiposity rebound was very slightly reduced by adjustment for sex and adult height (p=0.003), but considerably reduced after adjustment for sex and adult BMI (test for trend p=0.1), and further reduced (p=0.4) after additional adjustment for birthweight, weight at 2 years, adult height, social class of subject and of his/her father, and parental diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation: Early adiposity rebound was associated with an increased rate of type 2 diabetes independently of birthweight, but its effect was mostly through high adult BMI. Parental diabetes and possibly low weight at 2 years were also risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Early growth and type 2 diabetes: evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort

et al. 2005

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“…[5][6][7][8][9] Skinfold thickness also is utilized to estimate body fatness, and a number of prediction equations incorporating different skinfold measurements have been developed. [10][11][12][13] The equations devised by Slaughter et al 14 are widely used to estimate percent body fat (%BF), fat body mass (FBM) and lean body mass (LBM), because they require only two anthropometric measures (eg, triceps and subscapular skinfolds) and take into account gender, ethnicity and pubertal status. The methodology of skinfold measurement is relatively simple, utilizing special calipers to estimate subcutaneous fat thickness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of body fatness measurements by BMI and skinfolds vs dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To compare estimates of adiposity by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfolds and body mass index (BMI); and to evaluate the relation of these measures to cardiovascular risk in adolescents. DESIGN: In a cohort of adolescents participating in a longitudinal study of insulin resistance, Slaughter formulas were used to estimate adiposity from skinfolds and DXA was used to estimate adiposity as % body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FBM). BMI, blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance were measured. SUBJECTS: Male and female, 11-17 y old (n ¼ 130). MEASUREMENTS: To compare DXA with two office-based methods of assessing fatness and cardiovascular risk. RESULTS: Slaughter estimates were highly correlated with DXA (%BF r ¼ 0.92, P ¼ 0.0001; FBM r ¼ 0.96, P ¼ 0.0001). Correlations were similar in heavy and thin children. BMI was also highly correlated with DXA (%BF r ¼ 0.85, P ¼ 0.0001; FBM r ¼ 0.95, P ¼ 0.0001), and these relations were stronger in heavy than thin children. BMI and the Slaughter formulas were similar to DXA in their relations to cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity by BMI and Slaughter formulas are highly correlated with DXA and similarly related to cardiovascular risk factors. BMI is easy to obtain and is an acceptable method for initial office estimation of body fatness. BMI and skinfolds compare well with DXA in predicting adverse cardiovascular risk profile.

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“…Consequently, it is unsurprising to find that biological risk factors associated with these health related habits, in particular overweight and obesity, are also significantly differentiated by social class [75,77,78]. Findings from a longitudinal study showed that women who came from manual social class families and held non-manual social class occupations in adulthood (at 36 years) tended significantly to show the prevalence of low obesity, as in the class they had joined, compared with the class they had left [77].…”

Section: Age Related Social Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%