Onsager’s Wien effect on a lattice

Kaiser, Vojtěch; Bramwell, S. T.; Holdsworth, Peter; Moessner, Roderich

doi:10.1038/nmat3729

Cited by 67 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…The latter is consistent with a recent specific-heat study that has suggested the onset of ordering correlations in this temperature range 26 , and also with neutron scattering evidence that reveals a gradual departure from pure spin-ice correlations (although no tendency to order) as Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 is cooled to 0.3 K (refs 27,28). On the other hand, the 'dual electrolyte' of the monopole model shows a striking change of dynamics exactly in this temperature range, which is associated with the Wien effect for magnetic monopoles [29][30][31] . Future work will be aimed at distinguishing these possibilities, more closely connecting our results with intrinsic farfrom-equilibrium dynamics of a 16-vertex model 15 and applying the avalanche quench technique to other magnetic systems.…”

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confidence: 57%

Far-from-equilibrium monopole dynamics in spin ice

et al. 2014

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Condensed matter in the low-temperature limit reveals exotic physics associated with unusual orders and excitations, with examples ranging from helium superfluidity 1 to magnetic monopoles in spin ice 2,3 . The far-from-equilibrium physics of such low-temperature states may be even more exotic, yet to access it in the laboratory remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate a simple and robust techniquethe 'magnetothermal avalanche quench'-and its use in the controlled creation of non-equilibrium populations of magnetic monopoles in spin ice at millikelvin temperatures. These populations are found to exhibit spontaneous dynamical effects that typify far-from-equilibrium systems and yet are captured by simple models. Our method thus opens new directions in the study of far-from-equilibrium states in spin ice and other exotic magnets.The normal way of controlling the temperature of a system is to connect it thermally to a second body with a much larger thermal mass, which then acts as a thermal reservoir. If it is desired to force thermal excitations out of equilibrium by a rapid temperature quench, then the simplest strategy would be to heat the sample, and then abruptly remove the heating so that the sample is cooled rapidly by the reservoir. However, direct heating of the sample will also tend to heat the reservoir, and this becomes a particular problem in low-temperature devices: for example, in a 3 He-4 He dilution refrigerator it may entail heating of the mixing chamber, and ultimately limit the speed of any thermal quench that can be practically achieved. Our technique gets round this problem by using the natural tendency of magnets to undergo magnetothermal 'avalanches' at low temperature [4][5][6][7] . It is illustrated in Fig. 1 and discussed further in Supplementary Section 1.4. The essential principle is that magnetic work done on the sample is abruptly converted into internal heat, which causes a sudden increase in temperature inside the sample (T int ). The sample then finds itself at a relatively high temperature but connected to a cold thermal bath. The ensuing quench is as efficient and rapid as possible as it involves minimal heating of the sample environment, which remains at the reservoir temperature, T .Magnetothermal avalanches typically occur at low temperature (T < 1 K), a regime also notable for the occurrence of exotic magnetic states based on long-range interactions, quantum effects and magnetic frustration [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Hence, the avalanche quench technique could be generally used to drive such systems out of equilibrium. We focus on the case of spin ice, a nearly ideal realization of a magnetic ice-type or vertex model 8 . The far-from-equilibrium physics of vertex models is a subject of great intrinsic interest 15 In spin-ice materials such as Dy 2 Ti 2 O 7 and Ho 2 Ti 2 O 7 , the frustrated pyrochlore lattice geometry and local crystal field combines with a self-screening dipole-dipole interaction to give a local 'ice rule' that controls low-energy spin configurations 8,16...

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Far-from-equilibrium monopole dynamics in spin ice

et al. 2014

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“…A strong applied field 'blows away' the screening cloud, and the correction disappears. An exponential decrease of κ/ √ F from its zero-field value, κ 0 /γ 0 , to its limiting high-field value, κ 0 , has been confirmed numerically 17 . The decay rate is determined only by γ 0 (see Methods).…”

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confidence: 61%

Experimental signature of the attractive Coulomb force between positive and negative magnetic monopoles in spin ice

Paulsen¹,

Giblin²,

Lhotel³

et al. 2016

Nature Phys

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“…Various contributions to nonlinear dielectric effects have been identified: dielectric saturation [1][2][3][4], chemical changes [5,6], fieldinduced changes in barrier height [7,8], field-dependent charge densities [9,10], and elevations of configurational and real temperatures [11][12][13][14], analogous to microwave heating [15]. More recently, a theory that connects nonlinear dielectric behavior to the number of dynamically correlated particles or nontrivial length scales has gained considerable attention [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency dependence of dielectric saturation

Richert

2013

Phys. Rev. E

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Dielectric saturation originates from the upper bound to dipole orientation, reached when all dipoles are aligned "perfectly" with respect to the electric field. For Debye-type dynamics, it is well established that the saturation effect is diminished at high frequencies relative to its steady-state value. Here, it is argued that a similar frequency dependence of this nonlinear dielectric effect is expected also for dispersive dynamics, provided that the system is dynamically homogeneous. By contrast, more realistic relaxation time dispersions based upon heterogeneous dynamics display a strongly reduced frequency dependence of dielectric saturation. Calculations demonstrate this effect in terms of both the fundamental and the third harmonic frequency susceptibilities. The relations of signatures of nonlinearity in different Fourier components of the response are briefly discussed.

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Onsager’s Wien effect on a lattice

Cited by 67 publications

References 32 publications

Far-from-equilibrium monopole dynamics in spin ice

Far-from-equilibrium monopole dynamics in spin ice

Experimental signature of the attractive Coulomb force between positive and negative magnetic monopoles in spin ice

Frequency dependence of dielectric saturation

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