Only spontaneous counterfactual thinking is impaired in patients with prefrontal cortex lesions

Beldarrain, Marian Gomez; García-Moncó, Juan Carlos; Astigarraga, E.; González, A. Capilla; Grafman, Jordan

doi:10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.03.013

Cited by 96 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Since counterfactual thinking relies crucially on executive control, it was hypothesized that prefrontal areas are involved (Baird and Fugelsang 2004;Epstude and Roese 2008). Indeed, a reduction in spontaneous counterfactual thinking was observed in dorsolateral prefrontal as well as OFC-lesioned patients (Gomez Beldarrain et al 2005).…”

Section: The Ofc In Counterfactual Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structure–function relationships in the processing of regret in the orbitofrontal cortex

et al. 2009

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The influence of counterfactual thinking and regret on choice behavior has been widely acknowledged in economic science (Bell in Oper Res 30:961-981, 1982; Kahneman and Tversky in Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 201-210, 1982; Loomes and Sugden in Econ J 92:805-824, 1982). Neuroimaging studies have only recently begun to explore the neural correlates of this psychological factor and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity was observed in several of them depending of the exact characteristics of the employed paradigm. This selective OFC involvement and, moreover, a consistently found dissociation of medial and lateral OFC activity clusters allow inferences to the function of this structure in counterfactual thinking and regret. Vice versa, the differential contribution of OFC subregions to these processes also adds evidence to the current debate on the function of this cortical structure in decision-making that attracted increasing attention in recent years.

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Section: The Ofc In Counterfactual Thinkingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Structure–function relationships in the processing of regret in the orbitofrontal cortex

et al. 2009

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“…Dietrich [2004] Previous studies on insight and creativity also indicate that the PFC in particular may be a part of the insight/creativity network. Spontaneous counterfactual thinking, which is thought to be an important component of insight [Mai et al, 2004], was found to be impaired with patients with PFC lesions [Gomez Beldarrain et al, 2005]. In particular, the right PFC has been noted to be an important component for creative solutions.…”

Section: Prefrontal Activations Related To Solution Timementioning

confidence: 99%

“Aha!”: The neural correlates of verbal insight solutions

Aziz‐Zadeh

Kaplan

Iacoboni

2008

Human Brain Mapping

166

119

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What are the neural correlates of insight solutions? To explore this question we asked participants to perform an anagram task while in the fMRI scanner. Previous research indicates that anagrams are unique in that they can yield both insight and search solutions in expert subjects. Using a single-trial fMRI paradigm, we utilized the anagram methodology to explore the neural correlates of insight versus search solutions. We used both reaction time measures and subjective reports to classify each trial as a search or insight solution. Data indicate that verbal insight solutions activate a distributed neural network that includes bilateral activation in the insula, the right prefrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate. These areas are discussed with their possible role in evaluation and metacognition of insight solutions, as well as attention and monitoring during insight.

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“…The neuroscience literature confirms this idea. Patients with prefrontal cortex lesions show impairment in a counterfactual thought generation task (Gomez-Beldarrain, Garcia-Monco, Astigarraga, Gonzalez, & Grafman, 2005); patients with orbitofrontal lesions do not experience regret, a typical "counterfactual" emotion, when they play decision games (Camille et al, 2004); and Parkinson's patients show functional deficits both in the frontal cortex and in counterfactual generation (McNamara, Durso, Brown, & Lynch, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canceling updating in the comprehension of counterfactuals embedded in narratives

2007

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Participants were given counterfactual sentences-for example, "If Mary had won the lottery she would have bought a Mercedes car"-or factual sentences-for example, "Because Mary won the lottery, she bought a Mercedes car"-embedded in short narratives. Reading times showed that readers were immediately sensitive to the special status of counterfactual information (Experiment 1). In addition, probe-recognition latencies demonstrated that old information was more accessible in counterfactual than in factual stories, and new information was equally accessible in both kinds of stories (Experiment 2). However, after reading additional clauses, new information became less accessible in counterfactual than in factual stories (Experiment 3). These results suggest that counterfactual events are momentarily represented but are later suppressed and the readers' attention goes back to previous events in the story.

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Only spontaneous counterfactual thinking is impaired in patients with prefrontal cortex lesions

Cited by 96 publications

References 10 publications

Structure–function relationships in the processing of regret in the orbitofrontal cortex

Structure–function relationships in the processing of regret in the orbitofrontal cortex

“Aha!”: The neural correlates of verbal insight solutions

Canceling updating in the comprehension of counterfactuals embedded in narratives

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