Only connect: the merger of BMC Pharmacology and BMC Clinical Pharmacology

Moylan, Elizabeth; Morrey, Christopher; Appleford-Cook, Joanne M

doi:10.1186/2050-6511-13-1

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Vaginal epithelial disruption was in fact observed by colposcopy in women frequently using N-9 vaginal suppositories [ 41 ]. Similar results were observed in mice intravaginally inoculated with N-9 [ 42 ]. These cervicovaginal epithelial disruptions likely facilitate the entry of HIV and possibly also other microbes through the genital mucosa.…”

Section: Vaginally Administered Compounds With Dual Actions As Spesupporting

confidence: 87%

Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides

et al. 2016

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The concurrent increases in global population and sexually transmitted infection (STI) demand a search for agents with dual spermicidal and microbicidal properties for topical vaginal application. Previous attempts to develop the surfactant spermicide, nonoxynol-9 (N-9), into a vaginal microbicide were unsuccessful largely due to its inefficiency to kill microbes. Furthermore, N-9 causes damage to the vaginal epithelium, thus accelerating microbes to enter the women’s body. For this reason, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), naturally secreted by all forms of life as part of innate immunity, deserve evaluation for their potential spermicidal effects. To date, twelve spermicidal AMPs have been described including LL-37, magainin 2 and nisin A. Human cathelicidin LL-37 is the most promising spermicidal AMP to be further developed for vaginal use for the following reasons. First, it is a human AMP naturally produced in the vagina after intercourse. Second, LL-37 exerts microbicidal effects to numerous microbes including those that cause STI. Third, its cytotoxicity is selective to sperm and not to the female reproductive tract. Furthermore, the spermicidal effects of LL-37 have been demonstrated in vivo in mice. Therefore, the availability of LL-37 as a vaginal spermicide/microbicide will empower women for self-protection against unwanted pregnancies and STI.

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Section: Vaginally Administered Compounds With Dual Actions As Spesupporting

confidence: 87%

Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides

et al. 2016

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“…The IC 50 values for various cardiac ion channels were obtained from the tox-database.net system and are presented in Table 1[27]. For the simulation studies only I Kr data was used (with Hill equation parameter n = 1) since for the tested MOXI concentration I Na and I Ca inhibition were negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender dependent heart rate circadian model development and performance verification on the proarrhythmic drug case study

Fijorek

Patel

Klima

et al. 2013

Theor Biol Med Model

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BackgroundThere are two main reasons for drug withdrawals at the various levels of the development path – hepatic and cardiac toxicity. The latter one is mainly connected with the proarrhythmic potency and according to the present practice is supposed to be recognized at the pre-clinical (in vitro and animal in vivo) or clinical level (human in vivo studies). There are, although, some limitations to all the above mentioned methods which have led to novel in vitro – in vivo extrapolation methods being introduced. With the use of in silico implemented mathematical and statistical modelling it is possible to translate the in vitro findings into the human in vivo situation at the population level. Human physiology is influenced by many parameters and one of them which needs to be properly accounted for is a heart rate which follows the circadian rhythm. We described such phenomenon statistically which enabled the improved assessment of the drug proarrhythmic potency.MethodsA publicly available data set describing the circadian changes of the heart rate of 18 healthy subjects, 5 males (average age 36, range 26–45) and 13 females (average age 34, range 20–50) was used for the heart rate model development. External validation was done with the use of a clinical research database containing heart rate measurements derived from 67 healthy subjects, 34 males and 33 females (average age 33, range 17–72). The developed heart rate model was then incorporated into the ToxComp platform to simulate the impact of circadian variation in the heart rate on QTc interval. The usability of the combined models was assessed with moxifloxacin (MOXI) as a model drug.ResultsThe developed heart rate model fitted well, both to the training data set (RMSE = 128 ms and MAPE = 12.3%) and the validation data set (RMSE = 165 ms and MAPE = 17.1%). Simulations performed at the population level proved that the combination of the IVIVE platform and the population variability description allows for the precise prediction of the circadian variation of drugs proarrhythmic effect.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that a flexible and practically useful model describing the heart rate circadian variation has been developed and its performance was verified.

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“…Its innate immune response is similar to that of the mammals ( Fujiyuki et al 2012 , Ishii et al 2013 ). Studies found that there were similar drug metabolic features between silkworm and rat as well as other mammals, and the pharmacodynamics results obtained in silkworm and mammals were consistent ( Inagaki et al 2012 ). It was also found that silkworm had innate immune response to β-glucan, yeast β-1,6-glucan, green tea extract, and other stimulants ( Dhital et al 2011 , Fujiyuki et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Silkworm As a Model Organism In Life Sciencementioning

confidence: 94%

OUP accepted manuscript

2017

Journal Insect Science

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As an important economic insect, silkworm Bombyx mori (L.) (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) has numerous advantages in life science, such as low breeding cost, large progeny size, short generation time, and clear genetic background. Additionally, there are rich genetic resources associated with silkworms. The completion of the silkworm genome has further accelerated it to be a modern model organism in life science. Genomic studies showed that some silkworm genes are highly homologous to certain genes related to human hereditary disease and, therefore, are a candidate model for studying human disease. In this article, we provided a review of silkworm as an important model in various research areas, including human disease, screening of antimicrobial agents, environmental safety monitoring, and antitumor studies. In addition, the application potentiality of silkworm model in life sciences was discussed.

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Only connect: the merger of BMC Pharmacology and BMC Clinical Pharmacology

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides

Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides

Age and gender dependent heart rate circadian model development and performance verification on the proarrhythmic drug case study

OUP accepted manuscript

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