“…Ranging from science to geography in different segments of education, the effects of Covid-19 were studied in the literature (see, for example, Schultz & DeMers, 2020;Naji et al, 2020). On the other hand, due to the unplanned nature of emergency online teaching, the studies focused on various aspects of education involving, for instance, the availability of online teaching resources and tools (Dhawan, 2020), the effects of the pandemic on teachers (Talidong & Toquero, 2020), instructors' teaching practices, strategies and activities (König et al, 2020;Mahmood, 2020;Noor et al, 2020;Rapanta et al, 2020), the students (Coman et al, 2020;Shahzad et al, 2020;Son et al, 2020), key challenges or opportunities (Adedoyin & Soykan, 2020;Donitsa-Schmidt & Ramot, 2020;Heng & Sol, 2020), and policy management in education (Zhang et al, 2020).…”