Online supercapacitor health monitoring using a balancing circuit

Shili, Seïma; Hijazi, Alaa; Sarı, Ali; Bevilacqua, Pascal; Venet, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.est.2016.06.004

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…So, this structure only includes (m−1) columns. Several balancing techniques exist in an SP architecture: − dissipative balancing [27], consisting of balancing the electrical charges from below by removing excess energy by Joule effect; − redistributive balancing to send excess energy from the most charging cell(s) to the least charging cell(s) in the same column [28]. Its principle is described by the Figure 8 scheme, relating to a single column j in an SP architecture.…”

Section: Architectures and Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Battery Architecture Dependability

et al. 2018

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This paper presents various solutions for organizing an accumulator battery. It examines three different architectures: series-parallel, parallel-series and C3C architecture, which spread the cell output current flux to three other cells. Alternatively, to improve a several cell system reliability, it is possible to insert more cells than necessary and soliciting them less. Classical RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, Safety) solutions can be deployed by adding redundant cells or by tolerating some cell failures. With more cells than necessary, it is also possible to choose active cells by a selection algorithm and place the others at rest. Each variant is simulated for the three architectures in order to determine the impact on battery-operative dependability, that is to say the duration of how long the battery complies specifications. To justify that the conventional RAMS solutions are not deployed to date, this article examines the influence on operative dependability. If the conventional variants allow to extend the moment before the battery stops to be operational, using an algorithm with a suitable optimization criterion further extend the battery mission time.Batteries 2018, 4, 31 2 of 12 seen in Figure 1. In this, a cell is represented as a series association of an open-circuit voltage (OCV), an equivalent series resistance (ESR) and a parallel RC circuit. The ESR corresponds to the battery terminals voltage V cell , only if it is measured without an external load connection and with the cell at rest for an adequate time. This time is necessary for balancing internal electrical charges (relaxation phenomenon). A double-layer capacitance (C w ) and a charge transfer resistance (R w ) complete the model by describing relaxation. Other internal phenomena such as a hysteresis voltage can also be modeled by additional subcircuits. Hysteresis consists in a shifting on the open-circuit voltage for the same contained charge between current direction, an upward offset with a negative current I cell in charging phase and a downset offset with a positive current in the discharge phase.Batteries 2018, 4, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 12 an equivalent series resistance (ESR) and a parallel RC circuit. The ESR corresponds to the battery terminals voltage Vcell, only if it is measured without an external load connection and with the cell at rest for an adequate time. This time is necessary for balancing internal electrical charges (relaxation phenomenon). A double-layer capacitance (Cw) and a charge transfer resistance (Rw) complete the model by describing relaxation. Other internal phenomena such as a hysteresis voltage can also be modeled by additional subcircuits. Hysteresis consists in a shifting on the open-circuit voltage for the same contained charge between current direction, an upward offset with a negative current Icell in charging phase and a downset offset with a positive current in the discharge phase.

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Section: Architectures and Variantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Battery Architecture Dependability

et al. 2018

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“…Please see [18,21] for more theoretic properties of the RELS algorithm. In the literature, several techniques for condition monitoring of the supercapacitor are presented [14][15][16][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. One of the most effective methods for determining the SOH of the supercapacitor is electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [23][24][25].…”

Section: Identification Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the model is highly non-linear which results in heavy computation process. In [29][30][31][32], a simple method which uses the voltage and current ripples of the supercapacitor cell measured from a balancing circuit is used to calculate the ESR. Although this method requires less computation and is less expensive, the capacitance of the supercapacitor cannot be estimated.…”

Section: Review Of the Supercapacitor Soh Monitoring Techniques And Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To simulate the EMI effect in the laboratory, a coloured noise is added to the output measurements. The coloured noise is created filtering a Gaussian white noise with zero mean and power of 0.01 using a frequency impulse response (FIR) filter with time-varying [23,24] very high low very high --very good [25] very high high very high --very good [16] very low very low low --very low [26] medium medium medium --good [27] low low medium -very low medium online [15] low very high very high ✗ good medium [28] medium low low ✗ low good [22] medium low low ✗ good good [14] very high very high low ✗ very good very good [29] low medium medium ✗ good low proposed method medium medium medium ✓ very good good a '-' denotes irrelevant feature in each type; '✓' denotes the relevant capability; and '✗' denotes the relevant shortcoming. parameter.…”

Section: Experimental Verificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online condition monitoring and fault detection of large supercapacitor banks in electric vehicle applications

Naseri

Farjah

Allahbakhshi

et al. 2017

IET Electrical Systems in Transportation

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Supercapacitor is being widely used in electric transportation applications, particularly in electric vehicles (EVs). In the EV, the supercapacitor mainly serves as energy storage system for accelerating the vehicle and/or capturing the braking energy due to its prominent features such as high power density and long life cycle. However, during the vehicle braking and/or accelerating, deep and fast supercapacitor charging-discharging cycles increase the electric and thermal stresses on the supercapacitor bank. Under such circumstances, condition monitoring of the supercapacitor bank is essential in EVs for safe operation of the storage system. In this paper, an effective method for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the supercapacitor banks is proposed. First, it is shown that the equivalent series resistance (ESR) and double-layer capacitance (CDL) can be used as the key signatures for indicating the state-of-health. Subsequently, the recursive extended least-square algorithm (RELS) is used for online estimation of the ESR and capacitance of the supercapacitor bank. Based on a residual signal which is defined as the difference between the voltages of the supercapacitor bank and RELS algorithm, the abnormal conditions of the supercapacitor bank are distinguished. Experimental results are presented to confirm the feasibility and precision of the proposed method.

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“…Types of SC balancing include passive balancing using resistors, active balancing with Buck-Boost based balancing, flyback converter balancing, multi-winding transformer (MWT) and multi-transformer shunting balancing (MTS) [13]. For passive balancing with resistor, one compromise that has to be made is the time required to balance SC versus the leakage current [14]. As for the Buck-Boost based active balancing, both overvoltage and undervoltage will be sensed and transferred to the adjacent cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance analysis of supercapacitors for transportation industry

Nagarajah

Lee

Tan

et al. 2019

IJEECS

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<span>Monitoring device is essential to ensure a reliable and a healthy lifespan of the energy storage system. Hence, a monitoring device is needed to monitor the state of health and state of charge of a Supercapacitor. This project aims to demonstrate a method to monitor Supercapacitors using a microcontroller in both hardware and software approaches. The data was successfully collected by an online platform called ThingSpeak.</span>

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Online supercapacitor health monitoring using a balancing circuit

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Comparison of Battery Architecture Dependability

Comparison of Battery Architecture Dependability

Online condition monitoring and fault detection of large supercapacitor banks in electric vehicle applications

Performance analysis of supercapacitors for transportation industry

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