Online solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for determination of estrogens and glucocorticoids in water

Goh, Shalene Xue Lin; Duarah, Ankur; Zhang, Lifeng; Snyder, Shane A.; Lee, Hian Kee

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.08.040

Cited by 47 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…It is known that estrogens are crucial to maturation and maintenance of sexual characteristics and reproduction system. 1,2 Therefore, estrogens are widely used as effective ingredients of contraceptives, medication for hormone therapies, and growth-promoting feeding agents for livestock. In addition, estrogens are also used in treatment process for specific cancer types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, estrogens are also used in treatment process for specific cancer types. 1 Nevertheless, as contaminants estrogens exhibit strong endocrine disrupting potency to aqueous species and even human beings at low range of ng L −1 to µg L −1 . [2][3][4][5][6][7] Also, they exert thousands of times higher estrogenic activity than other endocrine disrupting chemicals in view of either predicted noeffect concentration value or yeast screen assay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9 As indicated in previous research, an increased amount of circulating estrogens in bodies are associated with the development of breast cancer. [10][11][12] Evidence-based literature 13,14 interpreted mechanisms of estrogens responsible for carcinogenicity: (1) in process of metabolism, there is a quinone group forming at phenolic carbon position of estrogen derivatives, which likely react with DNA and corresponding DNA adducts arise. This modification and transformation happened on DNA structures likely give rise to mutation and even initiation of cancer; (2) as the significant substances for maintaining growth and development, estrogens and their metabolites exhibit functions of boosting mitogen and inhibiting apoptosis for cells, contributing to the promotion of cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous measurement of free and conjugated estrogens in surface water using capillary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Huang

Karu

Campos

2021

Analyst

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simultaneous measurement of free and conjugated estrogens in surface water using capillary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Huang

Karu

Campos

2021

Analyst

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“…On the other hand, the determination of steroid hormones is very analytically challenging because of the similarity in the physicochemical properties, the need for the hydrolysis of conjugated forms in urine, and the low levels in this body fluid. In recent years, studies enabling an assessment of steroid levels in urine samples were carried out by LC‐MS , GC‐MS , and CE with spectrophotometric detection (CE‐UV) or MS (CE‐MS) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of various approaches to the isolation of steroid hormones from urine samples prior to FASS‐MEKC analysis

et al. 2017

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The goal of this study was to assess various analytical approaches for the simultaneous and efficient extraction of steroid hormones (cortisone, cortisol, prednisolone, corticosterone, testosterone, 17α-methyltestosterone, epitestosterone, progesterone) from urine samples prior to separation based on field-amplified sample stacking MEKC (FASS-MEKC). FASS-MEKC successfully allowed the compounds to be separated within 12 min using a BGE composed of 5 mM sodium tetraborate, 150 mM boric acid, 50 mM SDS, and 15% methanol. Therefore, many procedures such as solid-phase microextraction, SPE, and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) were tested and compared using a multivariate tool, namely, cluster analysis. Finally, DLLME-FASS-MEKC was validated and proved a good linearity of calibration curves (R above 0.9948) in a concentration range from 50 to 1000 ng/mL for all analytes. The LOD was established at 15 ng/mL, whereas the LOQ was 50 ng/mL. The intra- and interday precision, expressed as RSD%, did not exceed 9.97%. The DLLME-FASS-MEKC method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine samples from healthy volunteers and sportsmen. This methodology could prove to be useful in clinical studies and/or doping control depending on the steroid concentrations required in biomedical applications.

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“…Estrogens have been detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), fluorescence quenching, and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. [39][40][41][42][43] Estrogens have been extracted by cloud point, membrane assisted liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and solid phase microextraction (SPME) [44][45][46][47] from water, silt, animal tissues, and aquatic products. 48 Stir bar, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction have also been employed in extracting estrogen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Performance of an Estradiol Templated Magnetic Sphere of Molecularly Imprinted Cryogel

Wang¹,

Tian²,

Yan³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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An estradiol templated core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted cryogel (MMIC) was synthesized to selectively extract and analyze estradiol in milk powder. The microsphere of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 was firstly prepared on Fe 3 O 4 with ethyl silicate and 3-methyl propyl trimethoxy silane. Then the polymerization of α-methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate was carried out on Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 at −20 °C for 24 h with estradiol as template. The morphology and microstructure of MMIC were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectrogram. When used as chromatographic stationary phase, MMIC showed good selectivity and chromatographic performance for the template. Spiked milk powder samples were used to examine the adsorption capacity and selectivity of MMIC, giving recoveries of 92-101% and limit of detection 0.8-1.2 ng g −1 .Experimental results indicate good reproducibility with relative standard deviation from 2.2 to 4.5% (n = 3) at spiked levels of estradiol 10, 50, and 100 ng g -1 .Keywords: magnetic sphere, molecularly imprinted cryogel, estradiol, milk powder IntroductionSample preparation is of vital importance in an analysis for reducing the interference of impurities, concentrating the low abundant components, and improving the sensitivity and selectivity. Sample pretreatment occupies more than 60% of the entire time, while it presents poor reproducibility and accuracy. Thus, a sound sample pretreatment is crucial to guarantee the accuracy, reliability of the results, as well as the efficiency of analytical determination. Solid phase extraction (SPE) has widely been used in the extraction, purification, and enrichment of analytes in environmental, food, and biological samples. However, SPE cannot eliminate the interference of matrix in complex samples because the conventional adsorbents, such as normal, reverse, and ionic phase and other special adsorbents, have poor selectivity. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is a kind of inclusive compound prepared from template, monomer, and cross linker. There is a covalent bond or hydrogen bond or Van der Waals' force between template and polymer.2 When template molecule is removed, a specific cavity with binding sites complementary to the size, shape, and functional group of template is formed in the polymer.2 Molecularly imprinted polymers based solid phase extraction (MIP-SPE) can be implemented in selective separation, analysis, and preparation of high-purity target substance. MIP-SPE can achieve rapid and high efficiency of extraction of the analytes, because of high specific surface area and high mass transfer rate. 3,4Core-shell magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) is a new type of functional composite, the magnetic core (such as Fe 3 O 4 ) of which is covered with inorganic (SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , etc.) or organic (surfactant, polymer, etc.) layers. [5][6][7] The layer can be further modified with hydrophilic and/or biocompatible functional groups, including C=C, -NH-, -Br and sulfonyl, then dipole interaction of core is...

show abstract

Online solid phase extraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for determination of estrogens and glucocorticoids in water

Cited by 47 publications

References 50 publications

Simultaneous measurement of free and conjugated estrogens in surface water using capillary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Simultaneous measurement of free and conjugated estrogens in surface water using capillary liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Evaluation of various approaches to the isolation of steroid hormones from urine samples prior to FASS‐MEKC analysis

Preparation and Performance of an Estradiol Templated Magnetic Sphere of Molecularly Imprinted Cryogel

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