Online sample preconcentration techniques in nonaqueous capillary and microchip electrophoresis

John, Annestasia Simbut; Sidek, Mohammad Mizwaruddin; Thang, Lee Yien; Sabita, Sami; Tey, Hui Yin; See, Hong Heng

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461868

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Usually, optimal electropherograms can be obtained when using one or more of the 9 separation modes of CE if the target analytes are introduced into the capillary at high concentrations. However, working with diluted samples or complex mixtures where the target analytes are found at subnanomolar concentrations poses a significant limitation for detection of these analytes via CE; overcoming the poor sensitivity of CE has remained to be a challenge for many investigators [123,[169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180]. We will therefore discuss immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis, a method of CE that prevail over many of these limitations.…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresis As a Useful Technology For The Separation Of Structurally Related Small Molecular-weight Substances Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If IACE were to be incorporated in sample preparation prior to sample introduction into the capillary or microchip, the entire system could be automated, reduce analysis time, and overcome limitations in poor detection sensitivity. We will emphasize the advantages for the determination of proteoforms when compared with other methods described to enhance the analytical sensitivity of analytes, such as field-amplified sample stacking, large-volume sample stacking, pH-mediated stacking, isotachophoreris (ITP), stacking techniques in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), soli-phase extraction, and tagging target analytes with various chromophores and detecting the derivatized substances with sensitive detectors [123,151,152,[173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190]. In some instances, IACE can be used in combination with other methods to enhance analytical sensitivity even further.…”

Section: Capillary Electrophoresis As a Useful Technology For The Separation Of Structurally Related Small Molecular-weight Substances Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, affinity capillary electrophoresis is a broad term referring to the separation by capillary electrophoresis of substances that participate in specific or non-specific noncovalent affinity interactions during electrophoresis. The interacting molecules can be found in solution or can be immobilized to a solid support [123,146,[174][175][176][177][178][179][180][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203]. Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis, is the method referred to when using immobilized affinity ligands or probes to capture one or more analytes found in simple or complex matrices.…”

Section: Advantages Of Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis For the Detection Of Proteoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid confusion when referring to affinity capillary electrophoresis, we have defined the terminology as free-solution affinity capillary electrophoresis (FSACE) to the two methods of affinity capillary electrophoresis whose interactions are carried out in solution, and immobilized affinity capillary electrophoresis or immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE) when the ligand or probes are immobilized to a surface within a portion of the capillary or channel. However, IACE not only uses antibodies or antibody fragments as highly selective capture agents, but also other biorecognition affinity reagents can act as ligands or probes, such as lectins, aptamers, metal-organic and other substances that have affinity for other analytes [122,[174][175][176][177][178][179][180][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202][203].…”

Section: Advantages Of Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis For the Detection Of Proteoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis in the Era of Proteoforms, Liquid Biopsy and Preventive Medicine: A Potential Impact in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease Progression

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2021

Biomolecules

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Over the years, multiple biomarkers have been used to aid in disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. As of late, protein biomarkers are gaining strength in their role for early disease diagnosis and prognosis in part due to the advancements in identification and characterization of a distinct functional pool of proteins known as proteoforms. Proteoforms are defined as all of the different molecular forms of a protein derived from a single gene caused by genetic variations, alternative spliced RNA transcripts and post-translational modifications. Monitoring the structural changes of each proteoform of a particular protein is essential to elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms that guide the course of disease. Clinical proteomics therefore holds the potential to offer further insight into disease pathology, progression, and prevention. Nevertheless, more technologically advanced diagnostic methods are needed to improve the reliability and clinical applicability of proteomics in preventive medicine. In this manuscript, we review the use of immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE) as an emerging powerful diagnostic tool to isolate, separate, detect and characterize proteoform biomarkers obtained from liquid biopsy. IACE is an affinity capture-separation technology capable of isolating, concentrating and analyzing a wide range of biomarkers present in biological fluids. Isolation and concentration of target analytes is accomplished through binding to one or more biorecognition affinity ligands immobilized to a solid support, while separation and analysis are achieved by high-resolution capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to one or more detectors. IACE has the potential to generate rapid results with significant accuracy, leading to reliability and reproducibility in diagnosing and monitoring disease. Additionally, IACE has the capability of monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic agents by quantifying companion and complementary protein biomarkers. With advancements in telemedicine and artificial intelligence, the implementation of proteoform biomarker detection and analysis may significantly improve our capacity to identify medical conditions early and intervene in ways that improve health outcomes for individuals and populations.

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Section: Capillary Electrophoresis As a Useful Technology For The Separation Of Structurally Related Small Molecular-weight Substances Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Capillary Electrophoresis As a Useful Technology For The Separation Of Structurally Related Small Molecular-weight Substances Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages Of Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis For the Detection Of Proteoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advantages Of Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis For the Detection Of Proteoformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis in the Era of Proteoforms, Liquid Biopsy and Preventive Medicine: A Potential Impact in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease Progression

Guzman¹,

Guzman

2021

Biomolecules

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show abstract

“…To improve concentration detection limits in CE, several sample preparation techniques such as online sample concentration techniques [ 11 , 12 ], liquid–liquid extraction [ 13 , 14 ], and spectrometry (SPE) [ 15 , 16 ] have been developed, and these techniques have been applied to the forensic analysis [ 5 , 6 , 17–19 ]. Compared with the other sample preparation techniques, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) has the advantages of low cost, excellent sample clean-up effect, and high extraction efficiency [ 20 , 21 ], which has been applied to the determination of trace analytes in various samples [ 22–25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and capillary electrophoresis with PDA detection

Meng

et al. 2021

Forensic Sciences Research

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A new method was developed for pre-concentration and determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) with photodiode array detection. The method was based on the formation of tiny droplets of an organic extractant in the prepared sample solution using water-immiscible organic solvent (chloroform) dissolved in water-miscible organic dispersive solvent (isopropyl alcohol). The organic phase, which extracted eight drugs of abuse from the prepared urine solution, was separated by centrifugation. The sedimented phase was transferred into a small volume CE auto-sampler vial with 10 µL of 1% HCl methanol solution and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted in lidocaine hydrochloride (internal standard) aqueous solution and introduced by electrokinetic injection into CE. Under the optimum conditions, acceptable linear relationship was observed in the range of 3.0–500 ng/mL with the correlation coefficient ( r ) of 0.9982–0.9994 for spiked urine samples. The limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) was estimated to be 1.0 ng/mL. A recovery of 75.7%–90.6% was obtained for spiked samples. The mean relative error (MRE) was within ±7.0% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 6.9%. The proposed DLLME-CE procedure offers an alternative analytical approach for the sensitive detection of drugs of abuse in real urine samples. Key points The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was involved for the determination of drugs in urine with capillary electrophoresis with photodiode array detection (CE-PDA). Good linearity, sensitivity, recovery and precision were achieved. The proposed method was eco-friendly with microliter scale solvent consumption.

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Rapid determination of NSAIDs by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in wastewater

et al. 2022

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A simple, rapid method using CE and microchip electrophoresis with C4D has been developed for the separation of four nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the environmental sample. The investigated compounds were ibuprofen (IB), ketoprofen (KET), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and diclofenac sodium (DIC). In the present study, we applied for the first time microchip electrophoresis with C4D detection to the separation and detection of ASA, IB, DIC, and KET in the wastewater matrix. Under optimum conditions, the four NSAIDs compounds could be well separated in less than 1 min in a BGE composed of 20 mM His/15 mM Tris, pH 8.6, 2 mM hydroxypropyl‐beta‐cyclodextrin, and 10% methanol (v/v) at a separation voltage of 1000–1200 V. The proposed method showed excellent repeatability, good sensitivity (LODs ranging between 0.156 and 0.6 mg/L), low cost, high sample throughputs, portable instrumentation for mobile deployment, and extremely lower reagent and sample consumption. The developed method was applied to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples with satisfactory recoveries ranging from 62.5% to 118%.

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Online sample preconcentration techniques in nonaqueous capillary and microchip electrophoresis

Cited by 21 publications

References 60 publications

Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis in the Era of Proteoforms, Liquid Biopsy and Preventive Medicine: A Potential Impact in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease Progression

Immunoaffinity Capillary Electrophoresis in the Era of Proteoforms, Liquid Biopsy and Preventive Medicine: A Potential Impact in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Disease Progression

Determination of multiple drugs of abuse in human urine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and capillary electrophoresis with PDA detection

Rapid determination of NSAIDs by capillary and microchip electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection in wastewater

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