Online measurement of mass density and viscosity of pL fluid samples with suspended microchannel resonator

Khan, Mohammad Faheem; Schmid, Silvan; Larsen, Peter E.; Davis, Zachary; Yan, Wei; Stenby, Erling Halfdan; Boisen, Anja

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2013.04.095

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Previously, this principle and the device have been successfully employed to detect sub attogram mass, and the density and viscosity of picoliters of conned liquids and thermal sensor for binary liquid mixture. [24][25][26][27] Without any complicated protocols or equipment, the polymer samples can be loaded into the microchannel using melt inltration. In order to detect thermal transitions, the polymer-lled cantilever is heated under high vacuum.…”

Section: -20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical analysis of picograms of polymers using a suspended microchannel cantilever

et al. 2017

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Microchannel cantilevers are an emerging platform for physical characterization of materials at the picogram level. Here we report on detecting multiple thermal transitions in picogram amounts of two well-known polymers, semicrystalline poly(L-lactide) (PLA) and amorphous poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), using this platform. The polymer samples, when loaded inside the cantilever, affect its resonance frequency due to changes in its total mass and stiffness. When taken through a thermal cycle, the resonance response of the cantilever further changes due to multiple thermal transitions of the samples. Continuous monitoring of the resonance frequency provides information about b-transition (T b ), glass transition (T g ), crystallization (T c ), and melting (T m ) of the confined polymer samples. The measured T g , T c , and T m for PLA were $60, 78, and 154 C, respectively, while the T g and T b for PMMA were 48 and 100 C, respectively. These results are in an agreement with the data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Because of its high sensitivity, this technique is capable of detecting the weaker b-transitions that cannot be observed with conventional DSC.

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Section: -20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical analysis of picograms of polymers using a suspended microchannel cantilever

et al. 2017

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“…This concept has been used for years in macroscopic U-tube density meters. More recently, micro and nanomechanical U-tube resonators, also called suspended microchannel resonators, have been successfully used for weighing of biomolecules [12] and nanoparticles [13], and for density [11,14,15] and viscosity [16] measurements. The viscosity detection is non-trivial because the quality factor has been shown to be a nonmonotonic function of the liquids viscosity [17,18].…”

Section: Liquid Inside the Resonatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Factor

Schmid¹,

Villanueva²,

Roukes³

2016

Fundamentals of Nanomechanical Resonators

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The quality factor defines the rate with which a nanomechanical resonator dissipates energy. Low energy loss, i.e. a high quality factor, is desirable for most applications of nanomechanical resonators. In this chapter, the three main sources of energy loss in nanomechanical resonators are presented. Energy can be lost (1) to the surrounding medium, which can be a liquid or a gas, (2) through the clamping to the substrate via elastic waves, or (3) through dissipation mechanisms that are intrinsic to the resonator. Medium interaction losses can readily be circumvented by operation in vacuum, and clamping losses can be minimized by an optimized resonator design. This typically leaves intrinsic losses as the limiting mechanism defining the maximal obtainable quality factor. Intrinsic losses consist of material friction and fundamental loss mechanisms such as thermoelastic loss and phonon-phonon interaction loss. Generally, intrinsic losses can be reduced by decreasing the temperature. Damping dilution reduces the effect of intrinsic loss in resonators under tensile stress, resulting in quality factors up to several million even at room temperature.

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“…Further fabrication techniques are explained elsewhere. 14,15 As shown in Figure 1(c), the microchannel exterior surfaces are exposed to a vacuum (relative to the microchannel interior). The microchannel interior is designed to couple with a gas inlet/ outlet (Figure 1(c)) and the pressure of the gas is considered the transduced pressure.…”

Section: Pressure Modulated Changes In Resonance Frequency Of Microchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure modulated changes in resonance frequency of microchannel string resonators

Khan

Knowles

Dennison

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Resonating strings have shown promise in a variety of applications including micron-scale mass and temperature sensors. We present microchannel string resonators (MSRs) which have resonance frequency modulated by the internal gauge pressure of silicon nitride microchannels sitting atop the strings. We present an analytical model to predict the pressure sensitivity (Hz/kPa) of the first resonance frequency as well as experimental results for three identical MSRs. While the highest experimental sensitivity of one of the resonators is 5.19 Hz/kPa (0.5 Hz/mbar), the analytical model suggests sensitivity could increase by two orders of magnitude if the microchannels are fabricated at nanometer scale with a length of 10 μm, a channel width of 600 nm, and a channel thickness of 50 nm. The average pressure resolution of the sensors is 0.4 kPa. These results are for a calibrated range of pressure from 50 kPa to 100 kPa (500 mbar to 1000 mbar). However, the analytical model shows that resonance frequency is a linear function of pressure over a range of several MPa, suggesting that the microchannel resonators could have a pressure sensing range (dynamic range) suitable for many applications.

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Online measurement of mass density and viscosity of pL fluid samples with suspended microchannel resonator

Cited by 86 publications

References 24 publications

Thermomechanical analysis of picograms of polymers using a suspended microchannel cantilever

Thermomechanical analysis of picograms of polymers using a suspended microchannel cantilever

Quality Factor

Pressure modulated changes in resonance frequency of microchannel string resonators

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