Online Marketing of Food and Beverages to Children: A Content Analysis

Brady, Jennifer; Mendelson, Rena; Farrell, Amber; Wong, Sharon

doi:10.3148/71.4.2010.166

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The literature available examined the exposure to, power of or impact of food marketing to children in Canada in general, 36,40 on television, 34,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] online, [49][50][51] in public schools, 52 on product packaging in grocery stores 35,37,[53][54][55][56][57][58] and in fast food restaurants 59,60 (Table 3). The majority of articles were based on crosssectional studies (n = 14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of articles were based on crosssectional studies (n = 14). 34,37,[42][43][44][45][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Two articles reviewed the impact of the QCPA 43,44 and four reviewed that of the CAI [45][46][47]56 on exposure to and power of food marketing. Table 4 provides a summary of the influence of regulations on exposure and power by setting.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50,51 This evidence does not assess the multitude of emerging electronic marketing techniques used to target children, including viral marketing (online word-ofmouth by consumers), social networking and direct marketing by e-mail. 4 The author found no studies that assessed these techniques in Canada.…”

Section: Table 3 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…51,p.801 In a separate evaluation of only CAI company websites, 83% contained marketing directed at children under 12 years of age. 50 Multiple techniques urged children to engage with the food marketing on CAI websites: 50 • memberships, incentives and leaderboards for repeated and prolonged use of online media;…”

Section: Power Of Food Marketing In the Home: Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Food marketing to children in Canada: a settings-based scoping review on exposure, power and impact

Prowse

2017

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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Introduction: Food marketing impacts children's food knowledge, behaviours and health. Current regulations in Canada focus on restricting promotional aspects of food marketing with little-to-no consideration of the places where children experience food. Understanding food marketing in children's everyday settings is necessary to protect children. This scoping review describes the current literature on food marketing to children in Canada by setting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Table 3 (Continued)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Power Of Food Marketing In the Home: Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Food marketing to children in Canada: a settings-based scoping review on exposure, power and impact

Prowse

2017

Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can

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“…Examination of Saturday morning television programming for children revealed frequent advertisement of foods high in fat and/or sugar, and low in nutritional value and children's eating of those foods increased while viewing television [5,6]. Other food advertisements use the internet as a means to encourage children's engagement with branded food and beverages through the use of free website memberships, leader boards, game advertisements, and branded downloadable content [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Type and Frequency of Food Images in Parenting Magazines: Identifying Areas for Improvement

Ramsay¹

2013

J Child Adolesc Behav

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Parents and children are influenced by food advertisements, which can impact children's healthy weight. The purpose of the study was to identify the type and frequency of food images in parenting magazines. Content analysis of twelve issues from each of three parenting magazines (36) for 2010 was conducted by two researchers. The inter-rater reliability was 0.70 or above for the categories: food items, restaurants, infant feeding, feeding equipment, and supplements. From the 2445 food related images, breads and grains appeared most frequently (476), followed by the fats, oils, and sweets category (334). Few breastfeeding images (9) appeared compared to bottle (29) or formula (50) feeding images. Supplement images occurred more frequently than drink, condiment, restaurant, and infant feeding images. Knowledge of the type and frequency of food related images in magazines can be used by health professionals to provide education and information to parents that will address obesigenic behaviors and environments.

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Internet marketing directed at children on food and restaurant websites in two policy environments

Kent

Dubois

Kent

et al. 2013

Obesity

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Objective:Food and beverage marketing has been associated with childhood obesity yet little research has examined the influence of advertising policy on children's exposure to food/beverage marketing on the Internet. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of Quebec's Consumer Protection Act and the self‐regulatory Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) on food manufacturer and restaurant websites in Canada.Design and Methods:A content analysis of 147 French and English language food and restaurant websites was undertaken. The presence of child‐directed content was assessed and an analysis of marketing features, games and activities, child protection features, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle messages was then examined on those sites with child‐directed content.Results:There were statistically no fewer French language websites (n = 22) with child‐directed content compared to English language websites (n = 27). There were no statistically significant differences in the number of the various marketing features, or in the average number of marketing features between the English and French websites. There were no fewer CAI websites (n = 14) with child‐directed content compared to non‐CAI websites (n = 13). The CAI sites had more healthy lifestyle messages and child protection features compared to the non‐CAI sites.Conclusion:Systematic surveillance of the Consumer Protection Act in Quebec is recommended. In the rest of Canada, the CAI needs to be significantly expanded or replaced by regulatory measures to adequately protect children from the marketing of foods/beverages high in fat, sugar, and sodium on the Internet.

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Online Marketing of Food and Beverages to Children: A Content Analysis

Abstract: Food and beverage manufacturers are engaging children with dynamic online marketing techniques that challenge regulatory codes governing broadcast media. These techniques may contradict the spirit of the CFBAI. Innovative regulatory guidelines are needed to address modern marketing media.

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Food marketing to children in Canada: a settings-based scoping review on exposure, power and impact

Food marketing to children in Canada: a settings-based scoping review on exposure, power and impact

Type and Frequency of Food Images in Parenting Magazines: Identifying Areas for Improvement

Internet marketing directed at children on food and restaurant websites in two policy environments

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