Online learning for allied health knowledge translation: A systematic review

Abstract

Purpose: To synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of online learning platforms for facilitating knowledge translation in allied health professionals. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature searched three databases (Medline-OVID, CINAHL, Embase) in November 2023 for studies measuring outcomes of knowledge translation initiatives targeting allied health professionals delivered using online learning platforms. Papers were eligible if allied health professionals made up at least 50% of the sample, most of the learning component was online, and comparative data was reported. Data were extracted using a customised form. Quality of studies was appraised using the Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analyses were conducted where sufficient homogenous data were available. Findings: Twenty-three studies published over a 13-year period were included in this review primarily using pre-post study designs. All reported improvements in either knowledge, skill and/or confidence, with an meta-analysis (n=9 studies) showing a significant increase in knowledge gain after exposure to online learning (SMD 1.39; 95% CI = 0.96-1.83). However, there is little evidence that participation in online learning is associated with a change in clinical practice. Research Implications: This study supports previous research that online learning can improve knowledge but highlights a need for more rigorous studies addressing the impacts on behaviour change. Practical Implications: Online learning is an effective way of improving knowledge, skill and/or confidence but additional knowledge translation strategies may be needed to lead to a behaviour change. Originality/Value: Synthesis of current knowledge of the value and limitations of online learning as a tool to facilitate the implementation of evidence into practice in the allied health professions. Limitations: This review was limited to studies published in the English language only. The quality of studies in this field is low. Few studies measure behaviour change.