Online Impedance Measurement of Batteries Using the Cross-Correlation Technique

Gücin, Taha Nurettin; Ovacik, Levent

doi:10.1109/tpel.2019.2939269

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These devices allow for an implementation not only of a conventional linear regulator to control the voltage or the current but also to incorporate advanced features that can improve the performance of the converters [ 1 , 2 ], like protections, communication [ 3 ], integration on large systems, or identification techniques. The use of identification techniques to measure the frequency response of the converter [ 4 ] can be applied for different purposes such as checking the stability of the system [ 5 , 6 ], adapting the regulator to different situations [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] or monitoring the health status of the converter or load [ 4 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, different authors propose some techniques to smooth the Bode plot: Modifying the spectrum amplitude of the perturbation signal by using a pre-emphasis filter [ 4 , 31 ] or performing separate tests with colored noise signals [ 13 ]. This way, the frequency components where the system exhibits high attenuation are amplified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonparametric Frequency Response Identification for Dc-Dc Converters Based on Spectral Analysis with Automatic Determination of the Perturbation Amplitude

Granda

Fernández

Barrado

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Digital control for high switching frequency converter enables new features on DC-DC power conversion for a minimum cost. Frequency response identification is one such enabled functionality used in auto tunning, measurement of components to assess the converter’s state of health, or system stability monitoring. High accuracy, flexibility to operate in open or closed loop, and minimum impact in the converter’s regular operation are the frequency response identification system’s goals. We propose in this paper a nonparametric identification system addressing these main goals. First, it can autoadjust the perturbation size to reduce the perturbation’s impact on the converter’s output quantities. Second, as it is based on spectral analysis, it is suitable for open and closed-loop operation. Third, we demonstrate the identification system’s high accuracy, achieving a very low difference between the experimental measurements and the discrete model used as reference.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonparametric Frequency Response Identification for Dc-Dc Converters Based on Spectral Analysis with Automatic Determination of the Perturbation Amplitude

Granda

Fernández

Barrado

et al. 2021

Sensors

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show abstract

“…To solve this problem, some online battery impedance measurement methods have been proposed [1,2,5,8]. These methods can be classified into two categories: external signal injection and converter-based perturbation [1, 2,5,[8][9][10][11]. Specifically, the first category mainly uses the external source to generate small current or voltage signals to perturb the battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second category is controlling the duty cycle of the power converter to perturb the battery [5,8,9]. Power converters are usually an integral part of battery systems such as the control of battery current and managing charging and discharging operations [2,9]. These online measurement methods have gained more attention due to their ease of use [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the battery impedance depends on the state of charge (SOC) [1], the results may be inaccurate due to the possible change of the SOC during a long measurement time. To overcome this issue, various converter-based multi-frequency perturbation methods have been proposed [5,9,12]. These methods obtain online battery impedance under different frequencies simultaneously by injecting a multi-sine excitation, square excitation, or pseudorandom binary sequence excitation into the batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Accurate Online Battery Impedance Measurement Method with Low Output Voltage Ripples on Power Converters

Yao

Lei

2021

Energies

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The conventional online battery impedance measurement method works by perturbing the duty cycle of the DC-DC power converter and measuring the response of the battery voltage and current. This periodical duty cycle perturbation will continuously generate large voltage ripples at the output of power converters. These large ripples will not easily be removed due to the high amplitude and wide frequency range and would be a challenge to meet tight output regulation. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new online battery impedance measurement technique by inserting a small switched resistor circuit (SRC) into the converter. The first contribution of this work is that the perturbation source is moved from the main switch to the input-side of the converter, so the ripples are reduced. The analysis and experimental results of the proposed method show a reduction of 16-times compared with the conventional method. The second contribution tackles the possible change of the battery state of charge (SOC) during the online battery measurement process, which will inevitably influence the impedance measurement accuracy. In this proposed method, battery impedance at multiple frequencies can be measured simultaneously using only one perturbation to accelerate measurement speed and minimize possible SOC change. The experimental impedance results coincide with a high-accuracy laboratory battery impedance analyzer.

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A novel dual time scale life prediction method for lithium‐ion batteries considering effects of temperature and state of charge

Wang

Dai

et al. 2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Life prediction facilitates efficient management and timely maintenance of lithium-ion batteries. Challenges are still faced in eliminating the effects of battery temperature or state of charge (SOC) on the life indicator to form a life prediction method for complex onboard working conditions. To fulfill the research gap, this paper focuses on three novelties about the life indicator, effect elimination, and life prediction method. First, impedance spectra at different temperatures, SOC, and aging cycles are comprehensively studied by experiments. By fitting the spectra with an equivalent circuit model, changes of ohmic resistance, solid electrolyte interphase resistance, and charge transfer resistance (CTR) are analyzed in detail. CTR is determined as a novel life indicator, and an empirical model describing the changing trend of CTR with aging cycles is established. Second, a multi-factor coupled CTR model is applied to eliminate the strong effects of temperature and SOC during the prediction. Third, the tracking of the effects and the changing trend of the CTR with the aging cycles form a composite life prediction method with dual time scales. The results show that the battery life can be accurately predicted and the errors converge to within ±5% even though the indicator CTR is obtained at different temperatures and SOC.With this method, life prediction no longer depends on the indicator obtained in a specific state. It has great potential to broaden the implementation of life prediction for onboard conditions.

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Online Impedance Measurement of Batteries Using the Cross-Correlation Technique

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Nonparametric Frequency Response Identification for Dc-Dc Converters Based on Spectral Analysis with Automatic Determination of the Perturbation Amplitude

Nonparametric Frequency Response Identification for Dc-Dc Converters Based on Spectral Analysis with Automatic Determination of the Perturbation Amplitude

Accurate Online Battery Impedance Measurement Method with Low Output Voltage Ripples on Power Converters

A novel dual time scale life prediction method for lithium‐ion batteries considering effects of temperature and state of charge

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