“…Self-centering mechanism was adopted in combination with SSSPs to achieve seismic resilience (Chu et al, 2021; Lu et al, 2021). To further improve the energy dissipation capacity of SSSPs, different restrainers were adopted, such as reinforced concrete plate (Zhao and Astaneh-Asl, 2004), mortar plate (Hitaka et al, 2007), wood plate (Ito et al, 2011), steel plate (Deng et al, 2015) or steel-concrete composite plate (Lin et al, 2019). Due to the large stress concentrating at slit ends, fracture was thereby generated (Ito et al, 2011), which surely reduced the energy dissipation capacity.…”