Online Grooming: Factores de Riesgo y Modus Operandi a Partir de un Análisis de Sentencias Españolas

Abstract

El abuso sexual de menores online ha aumentado a la par que el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías. Para evitarlo necesitamos conocer las características de agresores y víctimas, así como el modus operandi. Con ese objetivo, en el presente trabajo analizamos 20 sentencias españolas (periodo 2017-2020). La muestra se compone de 20 agresores (varones, edad media = 35 años) y de 65 víctimas (46% chicas, edad media = 14 años). Aunque no existía un perfil homogéneo, como en investigaciones previas, los infractores eran mayoritariamente varones jóvenes, desconocidos y sin antecedentes penales, aunque con edad media superior. Las estrategias de persuasión eran semejantes a las de la literatura pero diferentes por sexo (engaño y coacción en chicas, corrupción en chicos). Se propuso un encuentro en persona en el 90% de los casos, que tuvo mayor aceptación cuando el agresor era conocido. La discapacidad de las víctimas es un factor de riesgo. En la discusión tratamos de desmitificar estereotipos con la finalidad de contribuir con material empírico a los programas de prevención.

Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

“…Two reviewers (GÁ-G and KKG) assessed the quality of the studies, and a third reviewer was also consulted (ML) to resolve any conflicts. Five studies were rated [17][18][19][20][21] as a high risk of bias, and eight were rated as a low risk of bias [4,13,[22][23][24][25][26][27]. The characteristics of included studies are included in Table 2.…”

“…Most studies did not disaggregate their sample by gender, but both male and female individuals were identified as victims of OCSEA. In a study involving 65 participants with and without disabilities, 46.2% (n = 30) of the victims were females, while 53.8% (n = 35) were males [4].…”

“…A diverse range of victim ages is evident in the context of OCSEA, all of which are under the age of 18 [24], typically commencing as early as 6-7 years old and extending through to early adolescence to mid-adolescence [23]. Three studies specifically mentioned early adolescence, encompassing children and adolescents aged 12-15 [4] and 11-13 years [19]. In a study focused on youth sexual exploitation on the Internet involving adolescents with mental health challenges, participants ranged from under 13 years old (18%) and 15 to 17 years old (50%), with a mean age of 14.28 years (standard deviation = 1.945) [25].…”

“…One study also found that LGBTQ+ children and young people with disabilities may be at a higher risk for OCSEA victimization. For example, according to the findings of a study focusing on 20 perpetrators of OCSEA where all identified victims were male, 45% of the victims identified as heterosexual, while 55% identified as homosexual [4].…”

“…The adverse effects that violence encompasses are varied and include a spectrum of immediate and enduring impact in terms of health, such as heightened mortality rates, cognitive deficits, and challenges to both physical and mental wellbeing [2]. In recent decades, online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is becoming an increasingly prevalent and concerning issue owing to the escalating use of technological devices and access to the Internet [3,4].…”