Online Biofilm Monitoring

Janknecht, P.; Melo, L. F.

doi:10.1023/b:resb.0000040461.69339.04

Cited by 88 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Janknecht and Melo (16) categorized online biofilm monitoring techniques in a similar way when comparing applications in industrial systems but added a category for monitoring metabolic activity (a category that Flemming [9] hinted at with the proposal of a technique that can distinguish between living and dead organisms on a surface).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Kroukamp

Wolfaardt

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Biofilms are important in aquatic nutrient cycling and microbial proliferation. In these structures, nutrients like carbon are channeled into the production of extracellular polymeric substances or cell division; both are vital for microbial survival and propagation. The aim of this study was to assess carbon channeling into cellular or noncellular fractions in biofilms. Growing in tubular reactors, biofilms of our model strain Pseudomonas sp. strain CT07 produced cells to the planktonic phase from the early stages of biofilm development, reaching pseudo steady state with a consistent yield of ϳ10 7 cells ⅐ cm ؊2 ⅐ h ؊1 within 72 h. Total direct counts and image analysis showed that most of the converted carbon occurred in the noncellular fraction, with the released and sessile cells accounting for <10% and <2% of inflowing carbon, respectively. A CO 2 evolution measurement system (CEMS) that monitored CO 2 in the gas phase was developed to perform a complete carbon balance across the biofilm. The measurement system was able to determine whole-biofilm CO 2 production rates in real time and showed that gaseous CO 2 production accounted for 25% of inflowing carbon. In addition, the CEMS made it possible to measure biofilm response to changing environmental conditions; changes in temperature or inflowing carbon concentration were followed by a rapid response in biofilm metabolism and the establishment of new steady-state conditions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Kroukamp

Wolfaardt

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Several methods are available for biofilm monitoring [29], but the estimation of the thermal fouling resistance is very convenient for heat exchanger equipment [20]. Furthermore, plant monitoring data could be correlated against the cleaning performance of different methods for specifed biofilm ages (or formation conditions) and this information could be used to predict the b and tI parameters.…”

Section: Application and Extensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing When to Clean and How to Clean Biofilms in Heat Exchangers

Pogiatzis

Vassiliadis

Mergulhão

et al. 2014

Heat Transfer Engineering

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Biofouling in heat exchangers can be managed by regular cleaning. A mathematical framework for the optimization problem involved in selecting the best cleaning schedules for such units is presented that considers (i) an induction period associated with conditioning and colonization, which introduces complexity to the fouling kinetics, and (ii) the existence of several outcomes from cleaning, depending on the choice of cleaning method. The problem is to decide how, when, and which exchanger to clean. A mixed integer nonlinear programming approach, based on the use of a logistic function to model fouling resistance-time dynamics, is shown to give tractable results. The methodology is illustrated with a case study involving a small network of three heat exchangers. An optimized solution based on a cost/performance analysis shows that the cleaning intervals and cleaning methods differ for each exchanger.

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“…Methods have been developed based on differential turbidity, heat transfer, bioluminescence, computerized image analysis and spectroscopy [27]. However, the challenge lies in correlating changes in measured parameters with actual processes in the biofilm.…”

Section: In Vitro Medical Device Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flemming [28] categorises techniques used to monitor biofilms as follows; (i) systems that detect biofilm by deposition of material and changes in thickness of layer without differentiating between biotic and abiotic components (ii) systems that can distinguish between biotic and abiotic components and (iii) systems that provide detailed information about the chemical composition of the microorganisms involved. Janknecht and Melo [27] add a fourth category; that of systems that monitor metabolic activity. IMC falls within the latter category (and may also be considered as part of the second category as abiotic components would not register any metabolic activity).…”

Section: In Vitro Medical Device Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a flow system for studying biofilm formation on medical devices with microcalorimetry

Said

Walker

Parsons

et al. 2015

Methods

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Isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is particularly suited to the study of microbiological samples in complex or heterogeneous environments because it does not require optical clarity of the sample and can detect metabolic activity from as few as 10 4 CFU/mL cells.While the use of IMC for studying planktonic cultures is well established, in the clinical environment bacteria are most likely to be present as biofilms. Biofilm prevention and eradication present a number of challenges to designers and users of medical devices and implants, since bacteria in biofilm colonies are usually more resistant to antimicrobial agents.Analytical tools that facilitate investigation of biofilm formation are therefore extremely useful.While it is possible to study pre-prepared biofilms in closed ampoules, better correlation with in-vivo behaviour can be achieved using a system in which the bacterial suspension is flowing. Here, we discuss the potential of flow calorimetry for studying biofilms and report the development of a simple flow system that can be housed in a microcalorimeter. The use of the flow system is demonstrated with biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus.

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Online Biofilm Monitoring

Cited by 88 publications

References 36 publications

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Choosing When to Clean and How to Clean Biofilms in Heat Exchangers

Development of a flow system for studying biofilm formation on medical devices with microcalorimetry

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Online Biofilm Monitoring

Cited by 88 publications

References 36 publications

CO 2 Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

CO 2 Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

Choosing When to Clean and How to Clean Biofilms in Heat Exchangers

Development of a flow system for studying biofilm formation on medical devices with microcalorimetry

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism

CO ₂ Production as an Indicator of Biofilm Metabolism