“…In the 15 cases with distal hypospadias, a flip-flap technique [8], which we call one-stage urethroplasty with parameatal foreskin flap (OUPF) I, was employed in 1 patient and a meatal-based manta-wing flap [6], which we call OUPF II, was used for the other 14 patients. In the 15 cases with proximal hypospadias, we used the parameatally based and fully extended circumferential foreskin flap for urethro plasty [7], which is called OUPF IV.…”