Onion Twister Disease Caused byGlomerella cingulatain Northern Nigeria

Dispersal of the conidia ofColletotrichum gloeosporioidesby rain and the development of anthracnose on onion

“…resulting in a number of foci for conidial dispersal. These observations may explain why onion anthracnose appears initially in isolated patches in the field and is later distributed almost uniformly in a given field (Ebenebe 1980b). The studies carried out on the movement and distribution of inoculum of coffee berry disease in coffee plantations (iyaller 1972) and splash dispersal in Collerorrichirrit grnrtiiriicolo infecting sorghum (Rajasab & Ramalingam 1989b) also confirm the above observations.…”

“…In some instances, the acervuli of Colletotrichrriii gloeosporioides are found on shallow necrotic areas of the leaf sheaths or on well defined lesions on leaf-blades. The disease is known as twister disease in Nigeria (Ebenebe 1980b) and onion anthracnose in Brazil (Aquino & Wanderley 1966) and is well pronounced when rainfall has been unusually heavy (Ebenebe 19800, Peregrine 1970). Investigations conducted by Ebenebe (1980b) have conclusively proved that the onion twister disease and onion anthracnose are caused by Colletotricliirni gloeosporioides (penz) Sacc., the perfect stage of Gfoiiierelln cirigiilntn (Stonem) Spould and Shrenk and described by Simmonds (1965).…”

First Report on Association of <I>Meloidogyne graminicola</I> in Twister Disease of Onion:An Emerging Problem in Coastal Tract of India

“…In the recent years, twister disease of onion is assuming an epidemic proportion in major onion growing areas especially the west coast of southern India causing heavy yield loss (Hegde et al, 2012;Nargund et al, 2013). The onion disease with similar kind of symptoms are first reported from Zaria, north Nigeria, in 1969 with 50-100 per cent estimated severity (Ebenebe, 1980) and later during 1970 in Sri Lanka (Kuruppu, 1999). In India, the disease was first reported by Sinha and Singh (1994).…”

“…The cause of the twisting symptoms in onion are mainly attributed to fungi viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Ebenebe, 1980;Farr and Rossman, 2010;Hill, 2008;Nischwitz et al. 2008;Rodriguez-Salamanca et al, 2012), Colletotrichum coccodes (Rodriguez-Salamanca et al, 2012) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.…”

Revisiting the Taxonomy of <I>Colletotrichum</I> Using Multi-Locus Gene Phylogeny

“…1). Die-back can occur on severely infected leaves, leading to collapse of the plants (Ebenebe, 1980).…”